BB Flashcards
is the study of blood group antigens and antibodies, HLA antigens and antibodies, pretransfusion testing, identification of unexpected alloantibodies, immune hemolysis, autoantibodies, drugs, blood collection, blood components, cryopreservation of blood, transfusion transmitted viruses, tissue banking and organ transplantation, blood transfusion practice, safety, quality assessment, records, blood inventory management, and blood usage review.
Immunohematology
foreign molecules that bind specifically to an antibody or a T-cell receptor.
Antigen
ells or tissue from a genetically different individual.
Allogeneic
cells or tissue from self.
Autologous
small-molecular-weight particle that requires a carrier molecule to be recognized by the immune system
Hapten
study of blood group antigens and antibodies.
Immunohematology
lymphocytes that mature in the bone marrow, differentiate into plasma cells when stimulated by an antigen, and produce antibodies.
B lymphocytes (B cells)
lymphocytes that mature in the thymus and produce cytokines to activate the immune cells including the B cell.
T lymphocytes (T cells)
secreted proteins that regulate the activity of other cells by binding to specific receptors. They can increase or decrease cell proliferation, antibody production, and inflammation reactions.
Cytokines
B cells produced after the first exposure that remain in the circulation and can recognize and respond to an antigen faster.
Memory B cells
antibody-producing B cells that have reached the end of their differentiating pathway.
Plasma cells
sites on an antigen that are recognized and bound by a particular antibody or T-cell receptor (also called epitopes).
Antigenic determinants
single antigenic determinants; functionally, they are the parts of the antigen that combine with the antibody.
Epitopes
family of cells or organisms having genetically identical constitution.
Clone
antigen in its role of eliciting an immune response.
Immunogen
simple sugars, such as monosaccharides and starches (polysaccharides).
Carbohydrates
fatty acids and glycerol compounds.
Lipids
is an antigen that provokes the immune response. Not all antigens are immunogens.
immunogen
glycoprotein (immunoglobulin) that recognizes a particular epitope on an antigen and facilitates clearance of that antigen.
Antibody
antibody; glycoprotein secreted by plasma cells that binds to specific epitopes on antigenic substances.
Immunoglobulin
larger polypeptides of an antibody molecule composed of a variable and constant region; five major classes of heavy chains determine the isotype of an antibody.
Heavy chains
smaller polypeptides of an antibody molecule composed of a variable and constant region; two major types of light chains exist in humans (kappa and lambda).
Light chains
one of five types of immunoglobulins determined by the heavy chain: IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, and IgD.
Isotype
one of the two types of light chains that make up an immunoglobulin.
Kappa chains