Basis of Immune Response Flashcards
What is haematopoiesis and What is the function of the thymus & spleen, liver & bone marrow (3)
- Haematopoiesis - creating and replenishing blood and bone marrow cells.
- The thymus & spleen - create specific types of immune cells.
- The liver & bone marrow - cell production.
How are macrophages and mast cells created (4)
- Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell → common myeloid progenitor in bone marrow.
- Common myeloid progenitor splits into granulocyte & macrophage progenitor in bone marrow.
- they are then taken into the blood where they are made into neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, unknown precursors of mast cells and monocytes.
- Precursors of mast cells and monocytes are then taken into tissues, where they become mast cells and macrophages.
How are Erythrocytes (red blood cells) created (4)
- Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell → common myeloid progenitor in bone marrow.
- Common myeloid progenitor splits into two, megakaryocyte & erythrocyte progenitor in bone marrow.
- The megakaryocyte & erythrocyte progenitors become megakaryocytes and erythrocytes in the bone marrow
- they go into the blood and become platelets and erythrocytes (red blood cells).
What are monocytes/macrophages, and what is their function (3)
- Antigen presenting mononuclear phagocyte
- phagocytosis
- activation of bacterial mechanisms.
What are Cytokines, and what is their function (2)
- phagocyte
- mediate further inflammatory response.
What are dendritic cells, and what is their function (4)
- phagocyte
- antigen uptake in peripheral sites
- antigen presentation in lymph nodes
- express major histocompatibility complex ii.
What are neutrophils, and what is their function (2)
- polymorphonuclear granulocytes - phagocyte
- 1st to arrive at inflammation site and phagocytose bacteria.
What are Eosinophils, and what is their function (3)
- polymorphonuclear granulocytes - phagocyte
- granules stain with basic eosin red.
- Removal of parasitic organisms
What are Basophils, and what is their function (4)
- polymorphonuclear granulocytes - not phagocytic
- Granules stain with acid dye methylene blue
- contain heparin and histamine.
- Role in allergic response
What is the function of mast cells (2)
- release histamine and other pharmacologically active substances from their granules.
- Play a major role in the development of allergic disease.
What are Natural Killer cells, and what is their function (3)
- do not express T or B cell receptors.
- Recognise and destroy virus-infected cells and certain tumour cells.
- Detection via lack of MHC I and Fc receptors.
What are Gamma-Delta cells
Intraepithelial cells a part of the innate and adaptive system which lacks diversity.
What are Natural Killer T cells functions (2)
- Share NK and T cell characteristics with ab antigen receptors but lack diversity.
- Suppress or activate innate and adaptive responses.
What are B lymphocytes, and what is their function
- Produce antibodies of unique specificity.
- B cell receptor binding of antigen results in B cell differentiation into plasma cells.
What are Plasma cells, and what is their function
When activated secretes antibodies.
