Basics Of Skills Acquisition

Question 1

What is pairing

Answer 1

The process by which a neutral stimulus (person, place, activity or object) becomes a conditioned reinforcer

Question 2

Pairing should be…

Answer 2

Fun and challenging

Question 3

Why do we pair with learners?

Answer 3

To establish trust
To be conditioned as a reinforcer
Development of social skills
Establish instructional control
Determine motivators and potential reinforcers
Get a feel for the level of energy or motivation the child has that day

Question 4

How do we pair with a learner?

Answer 4

Association with preferred things
Engage in learner-directed activities
Limit or restrict access to most valuable items that the learner may refuse to release
Use preference assessments
Voice, tone and energy should be excited and fun. Match the learners energy
Use child’s name Paired with praise statements
Model play
Stay close to the learner
Get to eye level with the learner
Face the learner

Question 5

What is the rationale of a written skill plan ?

Answer 5

The what/why of the goal

Question 6

What is the target behavior of a written skill plan?

Answer 6

Individual targets, successive approximations

Question 7

What is the instruction of the written plan?

Answer 7

S(D) (Discriminative stimulus) what to say/do

Question 8

What is the data collection of a written plan?

Answer 8

How is it measured? Frequency, rate, whole interval, partial intervals, duration, latency, opportunity vs correct response

Question 9

What is the environment/setting of a written skill plan?

Answer 9

DTT, Naturalistic, incidental, arrangement, materials

Question 10

What is the prompt of a written skill plan?

Answer 10

Gestural, physical, verbal, positional, visual modeling, prompt fading

Question 11

What is reinforcement in a written plan?

Answer 11

Contingency, schedule, reinforcement after Prompting, reinforcement fading w/social behavior

Question 12

What is the mastery criteria of a written skill plan?

Answer 12

Varies by learner, achieved for each target for learner

Question 13

How do you prepare for your session?

Answer 13

Arrive on time
Review the schedule and read programs
Organize the materials
Set up the environment

Question 14

What is the 3 term contingency?

Answer 14

ABC, Antecedent, behavior, consequence

Question 15

What is a reinforcer?

Answer 15

A consequence that follows a behavior to increase the likelihood of that behavior occurring again in the future

Question 16

What are the two types of reinforcement?

Answer 16

Unconditioned and Conditioned

Question 17

What is an unconditioned reinforcer?

Answer 17

A reinforcer without any prior learning history/requires no specific training. Examples are: food, sleep, Water, Warmth

Question 18

What is a conditioned reinforcer?

Answer 18

Reinforcers that have a previous learned history establishing the item as a reinforcer

Money, jewelry, devices, praise, objects

Question 19

Primary reinforcement is…

Answer 19

An Unconditioned reinforcer

Question 20

What is the DISC of Reinforcer effectiveness?

Answer 20

Deprivation, immediacy, satiation, contingency

Question 21

The —— decides what the reinforcer is.

Answer 21

Learner

Question 22

—— is reinforcement that is acquired through interaction with another person

Answer 22

Positive Verbal praise

Question 23

Practice positive reinforcement

Answer 23

Wow! 
You were so good at -----
I like how you're sitting
Nice work!
Way to go!
Yaya!
Hooray!

Question 24

Schedules of reinforcement

Answer 24

Continuous aka FR1

Intermittent

Question 25

It is important to pair social positive reinforcement with….

Answer 25

Preferred toys or activities

Question 26

Continuous schedules of reinforcement are used when the target behavior is ….

Question 27

After a learner begins working on a new skill, the schedule of reinforcement is —— to an intermittent schedule

Answer 27

Faded out

Question 28

Define a fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement

Answer 28

Reinforcement is delivered at fixed times ex FR1- Every correct trial FR2-every other correct trial

Can be changed/increased

Question 29

Define a variable ratio schedule of reinforcement

Answer 29

Total number of trials getting reinforcement is the average of target ratio
Ex VR2- on average every 2 trials

Question 30

Define a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement

Answer 30

Refers to frequency of reinforcement- ex every 2 mins of behavior gets reinforcement

Question 31

Define a variable interval schedule of reinforcement

Answer 31

Reinforcement an average of time across a specified time frame

Question 32

What are the 4 schedules of reinforcement?

Answer 32

Fixed ratio, variable ratio, fixed interval, variable interval