Basics of Experimentation

Question 1

An _ states a potential relationship between two variables:

Answer 1

Experimental Hypothesis

Question 2

_ is the stimulus variable where the experimenter intentionally manipulates.

Answer 2

Independent Variable

Question 3

_ is the response variable and it is the behavior we expect to change because of our experimental treatment.

Answer 3

Dependent Variable

Question 4

_ are also referred to as treatments, manipulations, interventions, and conditions.

Answer 4

Independent Variables

Question 5

_ are also referred to as measures, effects, outcomes, results.

Answer 5

Dependent Variables

Question 6

_ specifies the precise meaning of a variable within an experiment and tells others how to carry out an experiment.

Answer 6

Operational Definition

Question 7

_ describe exactly what was done to create the various treatment conditions of the experiment.

Answer 7

Experimental Operational Definitions

Question 8

_ is the consistency and dependability of results.

Answer 8

Reliability

Question 9

In the types of reliability, _ is where different observers take measurements of the same responses, and they must come to an agreement between their measurement. When there is little agreement, measuring procedure is not reliable.

Answer 9

Interrater Reliability

Question 10

In the types of reliability, _compares scores of people who have been measured twice with the same instrument with a reasonable interval between the two tests.

Answer 10

Test-retest reliability

Question 11

In the types of reliability, _ is the extent to which different parts of a questionnaire, test or other instruments designed to assess the same variable attain consistent results.

Answer 11

Inter-item Reliability

Question 12

In the types of inter-item reliability, _ splits the test into two halves at random and computing a coefficient of reliability between the scores on the two halves. The two halves of the test should correlate strongly if the items are measuring the same variable.

Answer 12

Split-half reliability

Question 13

In the types of inter-item reliability, _ is where correlation of each test item with every other item occurs.

Answer 13

Cronbach’s Alpha

Question 14

_ is studying the variables we intend to study.

Answer 14

Validity

Question 15

In the types of validity, _ answers the questions:
Does the content of our measure fairly reflect the content of the quality we are measuring? Are all aspects of the content represented appropriately?

Answer 15

Content Validity

Question 16

In the types of criterion-related validity, _ answers the question: Do our procedures yield information that enables us to predict future behavior or performance?

Answer 16

Predictive Validity

Question 17

In the types of criterion-related validity, _ states that our experiment should be comparative rather predictive. It should be evaluated by comparing scores on the measuring instrument with another known standard for the variable being studied

Answer 17

Concurrent Validity

Question 18

In the types of validity, _ answers the questions:
Have I succeeded in creating a measuring device that measures the construct I want to test?

Answer 18

Construct Validity

Question 19

Extraneous variable are factors that are not the focus of the experiment but can influence the findings.

Answer 19

Extraneous variables

Question 20

_ are any variable that has the potential to influence that dependent variable in an experiment and bias the result.

Answer 20

Extraneous Variable

Question 21

_ are variables that does have an unwanted effect on the dependent variable in an experiment. Results become bias as it cannot be determined whether results by the independent variable or by the said factors.

Answer 21

Confounding Variables