BASICS Of DNA

Question 1

Two big differences between DNA and RNA:

Answer 1

1.The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose; in RNA it is ribose
2. The nitrogenous base uracil (U) is used in RNA in place of T (they are very similar bases; in RNA U= A just like T = A.)
RNA contains ribose as its pentose sugar; DNA contains deoxyribose

Question 2

How are Proteins Produced and Instructed ?

Answer 2

They are produced by the ribosome and are instructed by the mRNA

Question 3

Steps of DNA replication

Answer 3

the two strands of the helix have to be separated, to allow the binding of the replication machinery. This occurs through the binding of the enzyme DNA helicase.

2. DNA helicase is able to detach the strands by splitting the hydrogen bonds between the bases. DNA helicases act at specific regions of the DNA called origins of replication. The unwinding of the two strands by DNA helicase creates a replication fork, a Y-shaped structure where each prong is a single strand of DNA. Which helicase moves along the strands, creating a replication bubble.
3. The separated strands provide a template for synthesising a new strand. Proteins called single-strand binding proteins coat the separated strands keeping them from re-forming a double helix.

Question 4

What are nuclei acids ?

Answer 4

They are macromolecules made of units called nucleotides .

Including: Deoxyribonucleic acid and Ribo nuclei acid

Question 5

What is a nucleotde

Answer 5

A nucleotide is a nucleoside with a phosphate group added. The
C-5’ position is the location of the phosphate group on a nucleotide