Basics Flashcards
types of intraoral radiology
periapical, bitewing, occlusal
film or sensor holding or retention device
biteblock
what does a periapical radiograph entail?
entire crown, root, and 2-3mm periapical areas
crowns may be ____ if all areas of periapical radiograph aren’t visible
compromised
PID stands for…
pointer indicating device
bitewings record ____ of Mx and Mn teeth and ___ ____, but not ___ ____.
crowns, alveolar crests, root apices
indications of bitewings
- amount of crestal alveolar bone loss (periodontitis)
- interproximal caries
two types of occlusal radiographs
topographical, cross-sectional
types of extraoral radiography
panoramic, cephalometric, CBCT, CT, MRI, others
indications of external radiography
studies of growth/development, facial trauma (jaw fracture), suspecting multiple lesions
when a structure can be recorded in its entirety intraorally, it is always ____ over any ____ view
preferred, extraoral
most common extraoral radiograph in dentistry
panoramic
light on film
radiopacity
dark on film
radiolucency
examples of light on film (radiopacity) are ___ density
high; enamel, cortical bone, amalgam restoration
examples of dark on film (radiolucency) are ___ density
low; pulp, Mx sinus, air space
film or sensor holding or retention device
biteblock
inability to open the mouth
trismus
which provide more detail? periapical/bitewing or extraoral radiograph?
periapical/bitewing
which radiograph will contain both Mx and Mn teeth, bitewing or periapical?
bitewing
radiography cannot reveal whether a lesion is ___ or _____
active, arrested
do caries appear radiolucent or radiopace?
radiolucent
overlap of proximal surface
closed contacts
best radiograph for viewing occlusal/proximal caries
bitewing
panoramic radiographs are suitable for caries detection only if the lesion is ____
large
periapical radiographs are good for ___ caries and okay for ____ caries
occlusal, proximal
what is the term for initial caries lesion development? Does cavitation occur here?
noncavitated, no
noncavitated lesions represent areas with net mineral ___ due to imbalance between ____ and ____
loss, demineralization, remineralization
what is the term for loss of surface integrity as it relates to caries? does cavitation occur?
cavitated, yes
cavitation also refers to the total loss of ___ and exposure of ____
enamel, dentin
location of caries that is in the immediate proximity to the contact area of an adjacent tooth surface (may exist on any tooth surface)
approximal
on radiographs, incipient caries appear only within ____
enamel
on radiographs, proximal caries appear as a ______ ___ area with its base to ___ ____
triangular dark, tooth surface
on radiographs, occlusal caries appear ____ in shape, wider in ____, and narrow at ____ surface
rounded, dentin, occlusal
incipient = \_\_\_ only moderate = involving \_\_\_\_ severe = involving \_\_\_
enamel, dentin, pulp
cervical burnout is called…
adumbration
a post-processing alteration of image contrast
image sharpening
caries tend to have more ___ borders than imitators
diffuse
base of triangle in moderate proximal caries occurs at the ___ with the apex directed toward the ___
DEJ, pulp
normal alveolar crest is ___ to ___ mm apical to CEJ in a ____ line
0.5-2.0, parallel
early/mild bone loss is up to __% loss
20%
moderate bone loss is __% loss
20-50%
severe bone loss is more than __% loss
50%
local factors in bone loss
calculus, overhanging restorations, poor restoration contours
what type of radiographs are most reliable for crestal bone evaluation?
bitewing
what type of radiographs are most reliable for periapical inflammatory lesions?
periapical, CBCT
radiograph signs of periapical disease include
- _____ PDL space
- lamina dura ____, ____, ____, or _____
- lesions commonly centered on ____
- widening
- thinning, thickening, displacement, discontinuity/loss
- apex
healthy periapical appearance on radiographs
uniform thin PDL and lamina dura
apical radiolucency can pathologically indicate periapical…
granulomas, abscesses, cysts
apical radiopacity can pathologically indicate…
apical sclerosing osteitis (condensing osteitis, but can be idiopathic)
the ____ _____ can be an apical pathology imitator
mental foramen
