Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Muscles and Bones > Basic Vascular System > Flashcards

Basic Vascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Are mesodermally derived structures vascularised?

A

Yes - except for articular cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

From which germ layer are vascularised structures derived?

A

Mesoderm

Except for articular cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an embolus?

A

A moving thrombus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an end organ?

A

An organ supplied by an end artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are perforating veins?

A

Superficial veins penetrating deep fascia to deep veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the three layers of an artery?

A

Intima
Media
Adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the makeup of the intima?

A

Connective tissue lined with epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the makeup of the media?

A

Concentrically-arranged smooth muscle fibers, elastic fibers

Sympathetic innervation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the makeup of the adventitia?

A

Mostly collagen fibers

Vasomotor nerves, which convey neurons to the media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Two classes of arteries

A

Elastic

Muscular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Factor determining whether an artery is elastic or muscular

A

Composition of media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Role of elastic arteries

A

Prevent blood pressure drop during diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Location of elastic arteries

A

Closest to heart

EG: aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Composition of elastic artery media

A

Mostly elastin fibers

Gives a yellow colour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Another name for elastic arteries

A

Conducting vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Composition of muscular artery media

A

Mostly smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Role of muscular arteries

A

Distribute blood according to demand by contracting or dilating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Another name for muscular arteries

A

Distribution vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Layout of muscular arteries

A

Branch extensively, gradually reducing calibre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Another name for arterioles

A

Resistance vessels

21
Q

Which type of vessel has the greatest wall thickness:lumen calibre ratio?

A

Arterioles

22
Q

Role of arterioles

A

Contract, dilate to redistribute blood to different capillary beds

23
Q

Arterial branches in the trunk

A

Parietal

Visceral

24
Q 
What can the arterial branches be?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
A

1) Blood vessels
2) Articular
3) Muscular
4) Cutaneous
5) Arteriae nervorum
6) Nutrient (to long bone)

BAMCAN

25
Q

What is an anastomosis?

A

A linking of tubular structures

The fusion of two arteries without an intervening capillary bed

26
Q

Common locations of arterial anastomoses

A

Where blood supply could be cut off, EG in a joint articulation (elbow)

Common in very vascularised structures (lips, hips)

27
Q

Can functional end arteries anastomose?

A

Yes, at the arteriolar level

28
Q

Examples of anatomical end arteries

A

Retina (central retinal artery)
Fingertips, toetips
Penis

29
Q

Structure of veins

A

Intima
Media
Adventita

30
Q 
Differences between veins and arteries
1)
2)
3)
4)
A

1) Veins have less thick walls, greater luminal calibre
2) Less smooth muscle in venous media
3) Higher blood volume, lower pressure in veins
4) Veins have valves

31
Q

How much blood volume is in the venous system at any one time?

A

~70%

32
Q

What are venous valves?

A

One-way

Bicuspid endothelial folds

33
Q

Where are venous valves mostly located?

A

Deep limb veins, superficial veins

34
Q

Where are there no venous valves?

A

Deep trunk veins

35
Q

Where are valves often located in a vein?

A

At the beginning, end of a vein

Distal to the entry of a major tributary

36
Q

Where are veins normally located?

A

Often follow the path of arteries

In places where venous return can be maximised

37
Q

How is venous blood returned to the heart?

A

Muscle pump
Thoracic pump
Venae comitantes

38
Q

Muscular pump

A

Muscle contraction compresses veins, pumps blood

Main source of blood flow from limbs

39
Q

Thoracic pump

A 
1) Inspiration - 
Diaphragm lowers
SVC lengthens, fills with blood
IVC shortens, pumps blood into heart
Negative intrathoracic pressure (by ~1mmHg)
2) Expiration
Diaphragm rises
SVC shortens, pumps blood into heart
IVC lengthens, fills with blood
Positive intrathoracic pressure
40
Q

Venae comitantes/vascular pump

A

Pair of intercommunicating veins wraps around an artery

Arterial pump compresses veins during systole, pumps blood

41
Q

Venous valve incompetence

A

Cusps of valves fail to close properly

Often damage to bicuspid valves

42
Q

Effect of venous valve incompetence in lower limbs

A

Blood in deep veins (of calf) squeezed into superficial veins, instead of towards heart
Ulceration of skin

43
Q

Varicose veins

A

Abnormal vein dilation

Can be a cause and effect of venous valve incompetence

44
Q

Do lymph vessels have valves?

A

Yes

45
Q

Direction of lymph flow

A

Superficial to deep
Ultimately draining to subclavian area
Drained into venous system

46
Q

Which structures drain lymph back into the venous system?

A

Lymphatic trunk
Thoracic duct
Right lumphatic duct

47
Q

Major lymph nodes

A

Cervical
Axillary
Inguinal

48
Q 
Other areas of lymphatic tissue
1)
2)
3)
4)
A

1) Thymus
2) Spleen
3) Peyers patches
4) Tonsils

Muscles and Bones (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions