Basic Muscles

Question 1

Why don’t ligaments have completely parallel collagen fibers?

Answer 1

Because they need to resist force from multiple directions

Question 2

Striated muscle

Answer 2

Cardiac, skeletal

Question 3

Gross structure of muscle fibers
1)
2)
3

Answer 3

1) Epimycium covers whole muscle belly
2) Perimycium covers bundles of fibers within epimysium
3) Endomysium covers individual muscle fibers

Question 4

Configuration of collagen fibers in a tendon

Answer 4

Parallel

Question 5

Configuration of collagen fibers in a ligament

Answer 5

Nearly parallel

Question 6

What separates muscular compartments?

Answer 6

Intermuscular septa (fascia)

Question 7

What is a tendon sheath/synovial sheath?

Answer 7

Protect muscles or tendons where they are susceptible to friction

Question 8

What protects muscles or tendons where they are prone to friction?

Answer 8

Synovial sheaths, tendon sheaths

Question 9

What is tenosynovitis?

Answer 9

Inflammation of a tendon sheath or synovial sheath

Question 10

What is the inflammation of a tendon sheath or a synovial sheath called?

Answer 10

Tenosynovitis

Question 11

What is the function of retinaculae?

Answer 11

Prevent tendons ‘bow stringing’

Form passages for vessels, tendons, nerves

Question 12

Grades of muscle injury severity

Answer 12

I, II, III

Question 13

Fracture where muscle pulls a part of bone off

Answer 13

Avulsion fracture

Question 14

Which muscles are particularly prone to injury?

Answer 14

Two-joint muscles

Question 15

Nerves supplying muscle
1)
2)
3)

Answer 15

1) Motor fibers
2) Proprioceptive fibers (~40%)
3) Sympathetic fibers (to smooth muscle in vascular walls)

Question 16

Where do nerves and vessels enter muscle?

Answer 16

Neurovascular hilum