Basic Joints Flashcards
Bursae
Membrane-bound sac filled with synovial fluid
Reduces friction, shock in joints
Can be communicating, noncommunicating
What are cartilage joints?
Bones separated by cartilage
Permit more movement than fibrous joints
What are the two types of cartilage joints?
Primary
Secondary
Primary cartilage joints
Bones connected by hyaline cartilage
Disappear during development
Secondary cartilage joints
Fibrocartilagenous joining of two bones
EG: Vertebrae in spine
What are discs?
Fibnrocartilagenous structures
Fully divide a joint cavity
Receive blood, nerves in outer third
What are fibrous tissue joints?
Joints separated by fibrous tissue
Permit little movement
What are the types of fibrous tissue joints?
1) Suture
2) Syndesmosis
3) Gomphosis
What is a suture?
Fibrous tissue joint
Between bones of the skull
What is a syndesmosis?
Fibrous tissue joint
Contiguous bones joint by an interosseus membrane
Permits a small degree of movement
What is a gomphosis?
Fibrous tissue joint
Bind teeth in bony socket
Which kind of fibrous tissue joint is between the bones of the skull?
Suture
Which kind of fibrous tissue joint binds two contiguous bones?
Syndesmosis
Which kind of fibrous tissue joint anchors a tooth into bony socket?
Gomphosis
What is a labrum?
Fibrous rim of cartilage surrounding a joint
Deepens the joint socket
What are ligaments?
Fibrous structures
Join bones
INtrinsic ligaments reinforce joint capsules
Extrinsic ligaments separate from joint capsule
Labrum
Fibrous rim of cartilage surrounding a joint
Nerve, blood supply to outer third
What is the most common type of joint in the body?
Synovial
Parts of synovial joint 1) 2) 3) 4)
1) Articular cartilage
2) Fibrous capsule
3) Synovial membrane
4) Synovial fluid
Articular cartilage
In a synovial joint
Avascular, aneural
Survives by diffusion of nutrients from adjacent structures
Fibrous capsule
Boundary of synovial joint Often attaches to epiphysial plate Proprioceptive, nociceptive supply Poor blood supply Can have openings for tendons, muscles Can have muscles attached to it
Synovial membrane
Lines interior surface of fibrous capsule in synovial joint, except articular surfaces
Highly vascular
Secretes synovial fluid
Haemarthrosis
Bleeding into joint
EG: Tear of synovial membrane
Synovial fluid
Viscous, non-Newtonian fluid Fills synovial joints Reduces friction Provides nutrients for cartilage Articular surfaces don't tough - thin layer of synovial fluid between them
Role of fat pads in synovial joints
Help spread synovial fluid
Where are fat pads located in joints?
Intracasular
Extrasynovial
Fat pads
Fill space in synovial joints
Help spread synovial fluid
Vascular, innervated - cause pain if pinched
Types of ligament injury
I - Minimum disruption of fibers
II - Up to 50% disruption - clinical laxity
III - Complete break
