basic processing unit

Question 1

tri-state gates

Answer 1

disconnect i/o electronically

Question 2

generating constants

Answer 2

connect to high/low voltage

Question 3

register gating

Answer 3

register to store data + signal to control the gate

Question 4

packaging

Answer 4

multiple register -> register file

Question 5

replicating resources

Answer 5

increasing number of buses: allows more data transfer, but increases complexity and cost

Question 6

Von Neumann

Answer 6

single memory-CPU pathway

Question 7

Harvard

Answer 7

multiple memory-CPU pathway

Question 8

Dennard scaling

Answer 8

limits clock increase

Question 9

goals of isas:

Answer 9

make computers programmable, support non-functionals, extend

Question 10

hardwired implementation

Answer 10

uses a fixed set of logic gates and circuits to execute instructions
the control signals for each instruction are hardwired into the control unit, so the control unit has a dedicated circuit for each possible instruction
simple and fast, but they can be inflexible and difficult to modify

Question 11

micro-programmed control

Answer 11

add a layer between hardware and the user-/software-facing part of the ISA

Question 12

horizontal organisation

Answer 12

simple
fast
1 bit per control signal
too many bits needed

Question 13

vertical organisation

Answer 13

small control store, much decoding, slow