Basic Principles Of Animal Form And Function Flashcards
Why do species vary so enormously in makeup, complexity, organization, and appearance?
Natural selection favors, over many generations, the variations appearing in a population that best meet the animal’s needs.
Vocab:
Physiology
Biological function
Four main categories of animal tissues:
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscle
- Nervous
Epithelial tissue covers …
The outside of the body and lines organs and cavities within the body
Vocab:
Epithelium
The cells of an epithelial tissue
What do connective tissues do?
Bind and support other tissues in the body.
Vocab:
Tendons
Attach muscles to bones
Vocab:
Ligaments
Connects bones at joints
Vocab:
Adipose tissue
A specialized loose connective tissue that stores fat in adipose cells distributed throughout the matrix
Vocab:
Macrophages
Cells that roam the maze of fibers, engulfing both foreign particles and the debris of dead cells by phagocytosis
Vocab:
Muscle tissue
The tissue responsible for nearly all types of body movement
The function of nervous tissue..
Is to sense stimuli and transmit signals in the form of nerve impulses from one part of the animal to the other
Vocab:
Neurons
Nerve cells
Vocab:
Hormones
The signaling molecules broadcast throughout the body by the endocrine system
Vocab:
Thermoregulation
Is the process by which animals maintain internal temp within a tolerable range
Skeletal muscle is responsible for…
Voluntary movements
Vocab:
Smoothie muscle
- lacks striations
- found in the walls of the digestive tract, urinary bladder, arteries, and other internal organs
Vocab:
Integumentary system
The outer covering of the body
-consisting of skin, hair, and nails
Vocab:
Insulation
Reduces the flow of heat between an animal and it’s environment
Nerve signals that relax the muscles of the vessel walls results in vasodilation
Vasodilation
Vocab:
Vasodilation
An increase in the diameter of superficial blood vessels (those near the body surface)
Vocab:
Vasoconstriction
Nerve process which reduces blood flow and heat transfer by decreasing the diameter of superficial vessels.
In many birds and mammals, the reduction of heat loss relies on countercurrent exchange, which is……
The flow of adjacent fluids in opposing directions that maximizes transfer rates of heat or solutes
