Basic Principles Of Animal Form And Function

Question 1

Why do species vary so enormously in makeup, complexity, organization, and appearance?

Answer 1

Natural selection favors, over many generations, the variations appearing in a population that best meet the animal’s needs.

Question 2

Vocab:

Physiology

Answer 2

Biological function

Question 3

Four main categories of animal tissues:

Answer 3

• Epithelial
• Connective
• Muscle
• Nervous

Question 4

Epithelial tissue covers …

Answer 4

The outside of the body and lines organs and cavities within the body

Question 5

Vocab:

Epithelium

Answer 5

The cells of an epithelial tissue

Question 6

What do connective tissues do?

Answer 6

Bind and support other tissues in the body.

Question 7

Vocab:

Tendons

Answer 7

Attach muscles to bones

Question 8

Vocab:

Ligaments

Answer 8

Connects bones at joints

Question 9

Vocab:

Adipose tissue

Answer 9

A specialized loose connective tissue that stores fat in adipose cells distributed throughout the matrix

Question 10

Vocab:

Macrophages

Answer 10

Cells that roam the maze of fibers, engulfing both foreign particles and the debris of dead cells by phagocytosis

Question 11

Vocab:

Muscle tissue

Answer 11

The tissue responsible for nearly all types of body movement

Question 12

The function of nervous tissue..

Answer 12

Is to sense stimuli and transmit signals in the form of nerve impulses from one part of the animal to the other

Question 13

Vocab:

Neurons

Answer 13

Nerve cells

Question 14

Vocab:

Hormones

Answer 14

The signaling molecules broadcast throughout the body by the endocrine system

Question 15

Vocab:

Thermoregulation

Answer 15

Is the process by which animals maintain internal temp within a tolerable range

Question 16

Skeletal muscle is responsible for…

Answer 16

Voluntary movements

Question 17

Vocab:

Smoothie muscle

Answer 17

• lacks striations

- found in the walls of the digestive tract, urinary bladder, arteries, and other internal organs

Question 18

Vocab:

Integumentary system

Answer 18

The outer covering of the body

-consisting of skin, hair, and nails

Question 19

Vocab:

Insulation

Answer 19

Reduces the flow of heat between an animal and it’s environment

Question 20

Nerve signals that relax the muscles of the vessel walls results in vasodilation

Answer 20

Vasodilation

Question 21

Vocab:

Vasodilation

Answer 21

An increase in the diameter of superficial blood vessels (those near the body surface)

Question 22

Vocab:

Vasoconstriction

Answer 22

Nerve process which reduces blood flow and heat transfer by decreasing the diameter of superficial vessels.

Question 23

In many birds and mammals, the reduction of heat loss relies on countercurrent exchange, which is……

Answer 23

The flow of adjacent fluids in opposing directions that maximizes transfer rates of heat or solutes