Basic Principles

Question 1

What are the three cardinal planes of the body? And what basic prinicpals do they do?

Answer 1

• Sagittal plane, forontal plane, transverse palne

1. divide the body into = parts
2. lie at right angles to each other
3. pass through and intersect with each other at the center of gravity

Question 2

What is the sagittal plane and what axis does it rotate around, and what actions does it carry out?

Answer 2

• it is a verticle plane that passes through the body in an anteroposterior diretoin that divides the body into left and right parts. also called the anteroposterior plane
• does flex/extension, hyperextension, dorsiflexion/plantar flex
• rotates around the frontal axis

Question 3

What is the frontal plane, movements, and axis is rotate around?

Answer 3

• verticle plane that passes through the body from side to siude and divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
• Does abduction and adduction, ulnar and radial deviation, lateral flexion, inversion/eversion
• Rotates around the sagittal axis

Question 4

What is the transverse plane and its motions, what axis does it rotate around?

Answer 4

• horizontal plane that passes through the body in an anterior and posterior direction that divides the superior and inferior parts. Motions are ER/IR, pronation and supination
• medial or lateral rotation
• Rotates around a verticle axis

Question 5

What are the combined planes/axes movements?

Answer 5

• Circumduction: combo of movements: flex, extens, abd, add, performed in a sequence (conical shape in space)
• Horizontal adduction
• Horizontal abduction
• Diagonal adduction
• Diagonal abduction

Question 6

Translatory VS Rotary movement?

Answer 6

Translatory: object is translated as a whole from one location to another (rectilinear, curvilinear, circular, and reciprocating)
* occurs in the gliding movements of the plane or irregular joints

Roatary: movement occurs about an axis with all parts of thge object moving in an arc
* most joints are this type

Question 7

Factors of Stability to consider?

Answer 7

1. the height of the COG
2. size of base of support
3. Inclining towards an oncoming force
4. friction
5. segmentation: as much as possibel the body segements should be centered over the base of support

Question 8

What are internal forces?

Answer 8

• gravity
• friction
• resistance

Question 9

What are external forces?

Answer 9

• muscle contraction
• compression: tranlatory force that applies a force on one joint segment toward the other joint segment
• distraction: (reactive)- translatory force that applies a force on one joint segment away from the other joint segment
• Shear: forces that are parallel to body surfaces that may cause shear stress on the materials and strcutires on which they act
• Combined load