Basic Physiological Needs Flashcards
What is a need?
is a condition within the person that is essential and necessary for growth, well-being, and life.
Need Support
Need support (food, water, sleep) maintains life and health, nurtures growth, and promotes well-being.
Need Thwart
Need thwart (no food, no water, no sleep) threatens life and health, halts growth, and disrupts well-being. Because need thwarting is so threatening, the body puts up defenses in the form of rather urgent and attention-getting motivational and emotional states that provide the impetus to act before serious damage occurs.
What are the three types of needs?
Physiological needs, Psychological needs and Implicit Motives
Physiological need
A biological condition within the organism that synchronizes brain structures, hormones, and major organs to regulate bodily well-being and to correct bodily imbalances that are potential threats to growth, well-being, and life.
Examples include thirst, hunger, and sex.
Psychological need
An inherent (inborn) psychological process that underlies the proactive desire to seek out interactions with the environment that can promote personal growth, social development, and psychological well-being. Examples include autonomy, competence, and relatedness.
Implicit need
A developmentally acquired (socialized) psychological process to seek out and spend time interacting with those environmental events associated with positive emotion during one’s socialization history. Examples include achievement, affiliation, and power.
Drive
Theoretical term used to depict the psychological discomfort (felt tension and restlessness) stemming from the underlying and persistent biological deficit (energizes animal into action)
Homeostasis
Bodies point of equilibrium (must maintain to be healthy and alive)
Negative Feedback
Negative feedback refers to homeostasis’ physiological stop system (Mook, 1988). People eat and sleep but only until they are no longer hungry or sleepy. While drive activates behavior, negative feedback stops it.
Multiple inputs/outputs
Drive has multiple inputs, or means of activation. The basic idea is that drive arises from a number of different sources (inputs) and motivates a number of different goal-directed behaviors (outputs) until satiety occurs.
Intraorganismic Mechanisms
include all biological regulatory systems within the person that act in concert to activate, maintain and terminate biological needs that underlie drive. Brain structures, the endocrine system, and bodily organs constitute the three main categories of intraorganismic mechanisms.
Extraorganismic Mechanisms
Extraorganismic mechanisms include all the environmental influences that play a part in activating, maintaining, and terminating psychological drive. The principal categories of extraorganismic mechanisms are cognitive, environmental, social, and cultural influences.
what are the seven core regulatory processes
- need
- drive
- homeostasis
- negative feedback
- multiple inputs/outputs
- intraorganismic mechanisms
- extraorganismic mechanisms
What is the most important influence for drinking
Taste (pure water is tasteless and therefor offers no incentive above and beyond water replenishment
What are the four tastes
sweet
salty
sour
bitter
Short term appetite
The glucostatic hypothesis is a homeostatic-based model of short-term appetite.
glucostatic hypothesis
argues that blood-sugar levels are critical to hunger—when blood glucose drops, people feel hungry and want to eat
What is the brain region involved in termination of meals
neighboring ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)
Lipostatic Hypothesis
when the mass of fat stored drops below its homeostatic balance, adipose tissue secretes hormones (e.g., ghrelin) into the bloodstream to promote hunger
What plays a critical role in the rise and fall of hunger?
Hormines
(Ghrelin from the stomach)
(leptin manufactured in fat cells)
Set point theory
argues that each individual as a biologically determined bodyweight (fat thermostat) set by genetics either at birth or shortly thereafter)
What environmental influences affect eating behavior?
time of day, stress, sight/smell/appearance/taste of food, also wheither our friends are obese (over 50% more likely to become obeseif friend has recently became obese)
What are the two self regulatory influences in relation to eating?
- Cognitively Regulated Eating Style
- Restraint Release Situations
Cognitively regulated eating style
attempting to control our weight using personal or cultural aspiration of weight. (people decide that it is the mind/will that should take over and regulate body weight
Restraint-release situations
under conditions of anxiety, stress, alchohol, depression, or exposure to high-calorie foods, dieters become increasingly susceptible to dishinibition (restraint release) essentially dieters are more risk of binge eating.
How is sexual behavior regulated (but not determined)
by hormones (sex hormones are androgen’s e.g testosterone more in males) estrogen, progesterone and Oxycontin love hormone)
What is the traditional sex response cycle?
- Desire
- Arousal
- Orgasm
- Resolution
What is the alternate Sex response cycle
- intimacy needs
- being open and receptive to sexual stimuli
- arousal
- desire
- enhanced intimacy
Where is sexual pleasure associated
sub-cortical brains reward circuitry
Where is sexual desire associated?
Posterior insula activation’s (embodied state)
Where is love associated?
anterior insula activations (positive subjective feelings)
Facial metrics
the study of peoples judgements of the attractiveness of facial characteristics
Facial metric parameters
- Length of face—hairline to chin
- Width of face—cheekbone to cheekbone -Width of face at mouth Height of forehead—eyebrows to hairlines Height of upper head—pupil to top of head -Height of eyes
- Width of eyes
- Width of pupil -Separation of eyes -Cheekbone width (#2 minus #3)
- Nostril width
- Nose tip width
- Length of nose -Thickness of upper lip -Thickness of lower lip -Height of smile
- Width of smile
- Length of chin
Sexual scripts
one’s mental representation of the step-by-step sequence of events that occur during a typical sexual episode
Sexual Schemas
beliefs about the sexual self that are derived from past experiences that feature both positive-approach-oriented thoughts and behaviors (sexual desire, sexual participation) as well as negative-avoidance-oriented thoughts and behaviors (sexual anxiety, fear, conservatism, and sexual inhibition).
