Aspects of Emotion

Question 1

James-Lange Theory

Answer 1

rests on two assumptions

1. The body reacts uniquely (discriminatory) to different emotion-eliciting events
2. The body does not react to non emotion-eliciting events

Question 2

What are the the three distinct neural circuits in the brain.

Answer 2

1. A behavioral approach system that readies the animal to seek out and interact with attractive environmental opportunities
2. Fight or flight system that readies the animal to flee for some aversive events but to defend aggressively against other events
3. A behavior inhibition system that readies the animal to freeze in the face of aversive events.
   These three neural circuits underlie the four emotions of joy, fear, rage and anxiety

Question 3

What are the six basic emotions

Answer 3

Happiness-Superior temporal gyrus and rostral anterior cingulate cortex
Sadness-Medial frontal gyrus and the caudate anterior cingulate cortex
Anger-Inferior frontal gyrus and papahippocampal gyrus
Fear-Amygdala and insula
Disgust-Anterior insula and right inferior frontal gyrus
Interest-anterior insula

Question 4

Facial Feedback hypothesis (FFH)

Answer 4

The subject aspect of emotion stems from feelings engendered by (1) movements of the facial musculature (2) changes in facial temperature and (3) changes of glandular activity in the facial skin. Therefore, emotions are “sets of muscle and glandular responses located in the face. in other words emotion is the awareness of proprioceptive feedback from facial behavior

Question 5

Emotion activating events (FFH)

Answer 5

internal or external event leads to

1. rate of neyral firing
2. limbic system
   - Hypothalamus
   - basal ganglia
3. Impulses generated in motor cortex and sent to face
   - facial nerve
   - cranial nerve
4. facial action
   - changes in facial musculature
   - changes in facial temperature
   - changes in facial glands
   - Trigeminal nerve: cranial nerve v
5. Receipt of facial action information in sensory cortex
6. Cortical integration of facial feedback information: experience

Question 6

What job does facial feedback do

Answer 6

Emotion activation. Once an emotion is activated, it is the emotion program, not the facial feedback, that recruits further cognitive and bodily participation to maintain the emotional experience past the first split-second of time. The person becomes then becomes aware of and monitors not her facial feedback but her changes in heart rate, respiration, muscle tonus, posture and so on.

Question 7

What does facial action also change

Answer 7

Brain temperature, such as facial movements associated with negative emotion (sadness) constrict breathing, raise brain temperature, and produce negative feelings, whereas facial movements associated with positive emotion (happiness) enhance breathing, cool brain temperature, and produce positive feelings.

Question 8

What are the eight major facial muscles involved in the expression of emotion

Answer 8

-Frontalis (forehead)
-Currugator (eyebrows)
- Orbicularis Oculi (eyes)
- Nasalis (nose)
-Zygomaticus (cheeks)
-Orbicularis Oris (lips)
Quadratis Labii (jaw)
-Depressor (Mouth)

Question 9

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Answer 9

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