Basic Motivation Concepts

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

efforts are directed, energized & sustained towards a goal

Question 2

5 Levels in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 2

Self-actualization
Esteem
Social
Safety & security
Physiological

Question 3

McGregor’s Theory X & Theory Y

Answer 3

Theory X:
- little ambition
- dislike work
- avoid responsibility
- must be controlled closely
- motivated by money

Theory Y:
- enjoy work
- seek & accept responsibility
- exercise self-direction
- self-fulfillment

Question 4

Herzberg’s 2 Factor Theory

Answer 4

Hygiene Factors:
- context
- extrinsic
- lower dissatisfaction

Motivators:
- content
- intrinsic
- increase satisfaction & motivation

Question 5

McClelland’s Three-Needs Theory

Answer 5

Achievement - success and excel

Affiliation - interpersonal

Power - influence

Question 6

Goal Setting Theory

Answer 6

• types of goals & why it motivates
• specific & challenging goals

Question 7

How do goals affect motivation?

Answer 7

• directing
• higher levels of effort
• action plans
• persistence

Question 8

Job Characteristics Model

Answer 8

Skill variety - different skills
Task identity - complete the task (see end result)
Task significance - importance of work
Autonomy - freedom & authority delegated
Feedback - response from superiors & customers

Question 9

Equity Theory

Answer 9

• output must = input
• ratio must be equitable (fair) in comparison to others

Question 10

Expectancy Theory

Answer 10

Instrumentality: what is the outcome?

Valence: is the outcome important/desirable?

Expectancy: what are the chances of getting the outcome?