Basic Mental Illness Flashcards
Effective things nurses can do to help patients with mental illness?
See their patient, maintain safety, maintain therapeutic milieu, maintain therapeutic environment, show care, show empathy, have clinical competence, learn therapeutic communication skills, become self-aware
Name some aspects of mental health?
Effective coping, happiness, control of behavior, appraisal of reality, effective in work, healthy self-concept, satisfying relationships
Name some “good” mental health attributes?
Healthy self-concept and value, ability to play and laugh, ability to love and experience joy, capacity to deal with conflicting emotions, living without fear, guilt, anxiety. Ability to take responsibility for one’s actions, attaining self-defined spirituality, negotiate each developmental task
What’s involved in thinking clearly?
Problem solving, using good judgment, reasoning logically, reaching insightful conclusions, being creative
What’s involved in relating to others?
Forming close relationships. Having close, loving, adaptive relationships. Experiencing empathy toward others. Managing interpersonal conflict constructively.
Psychiatry’s definition of mental health changes and reflects what?
Changes in cultural norms and society’s expectations. Values and professional biases. Individual differences and political climate. Psychology of women.
Why does no one definition of mental exist that fits all?
All people have different backgrounds and cultures. Grow intellectually and emotionally at different rates. Make different decisions at different times. May or may not evaluate their behaviors. Have or have no spiritual beliefs. Grow within themselves.
A collection of negative attitudes, beliefs, thoughts, and behaviors that influence the individual and general public. Attitudes towards individuals who are mentally ill have harmful effects on the individual and the family.
Stigma. Has been acknowledged to be a major barrier in mental health treatment and recovery over the the last 13-14 years.
What psychosocial processes lead to stigmatization?
Stereotyping, labeling, separating, and status loss or discrimination in a context of lower imbalance, social isolation, and reduced opportunities.
The DSM-5 includes information specifically related to culture in what three areas?
Discusses cultural variations for each clinical disorder
Describes culture-bound syndromes
Outline assists clinicians in evaluating and reporting the impact of an individual’s cultural context.
What are examples of issues facing those with severe persistent mental illness (SPMI)?
Residual symptoms. Medication side effects, particularly extrapyramidal symptoms. Meds are expensive (>20k annually). Possible relapse, chronicity, and loss. Co-occuring medical illnesses. Unemployment and poverty. Housing instability. Social isolation and loneliness. Meds reduce libido. Treatments are inadequate. Substance abuse in 50%. Victimization occurs more than twice as often among mentally ill.
What are some issues affecting society and the individual?
Baker act, out-pt commitment is designed to provide mandatory treatment. Criminal offenses and incarcerations may be the result of desperation, impaired judgment, etc. May not accept treatment or meet the requirements for involuntary treatment. Can become public nuisances, committing nonviolent crimes.
What are examples of interventions for those with SPMI?
Rehabilitation vs recovery model. Evidence-based treatment approaches and services. Cognitive-behavioral therapy. Promotion of family support and partnerships. Social skills training. Supportive psychotherapy. Vocational rehabilitation.
What is seeking treatment for mental health problems complicated by?
The nature of the mental illness is misunderstood. Psychosis impairs a person’s ability to recognize the need for care. The health care system is complicated to navigate. Apathy is present, no motivation to seek care. There may be no previous experience with mental illness.
Inpatient care?
24 hr nursing care. Locked units for safety. Crisis care. Residential treatment programs. State acute care systems. Gen-hosp psychiatric units. Private psychiatric hospital acute care.
Outpatient care?
Primary care providers. Patient-centered medical homes. Primary care medical homes. Community mental health centers. Psychiatric home care. Intensive outpatient programs.
Just as social relationships are different from therapeutic relationships, basic communication is different from what, which is called what?
Professional, goal-directed, and scientifically based communication, which is called therapeutic communication.
What is involved in the communication process?
Stimulus, sender, message (influenced by transmission quality), person(s) receiving the message, formulation of feedback, sender again
What factors can impede accurate communication?
personal, environmental, societal, power differentials, stigma
Explain verbal and nonverbal communication?
90% is nonverbal, consisting of body movement, touch, proximity and eye contact.
Also pacing, intonation, clarity, brevity, timing, relevance.
Verbal is only 10%, vocabulary
What attending behaviors can be used? Aka behaviors that encourage talking.
Control vocal qualities (tone and speech rate). Face the person. SOILER. Use encouraging gestures. Track verbal contact; do not change the subject. Use open-ended vs close-ended questions.
What’s included in active listening?
Observing the patient’s nonverbal behaviors. Listening and understand the verbal message, a person in social context, and listening for “false notes.” Providing feedback (be there psychologically, socially, and emotionally)
What are examples of therapeutic communication techniques?
Use silence, accepting, giving recognition, offering self, offering general leads, giving broad openings, placing the events in time and sequence, making observations, encouraging description of perception, encouraging comparison, relating, reflecting, focusing
More examples of therapeutic communication techniques?
Exploring, giving information, seeking clarification, presenting reality, voicing doubt, seeking consensual validation, verbalizing the implied, encouraging evaluation, attempting to translate into feelings, suggesting collaboration, summarizing, open-ended
