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Instrument Phase > Basic Instruments > Flashcards

Basic Instruments Flashcards

1
Q

What are ATIS/ASOS/AWOS/HIWAS

A

continuous weather reports transmitted over a discrete VHF / VOR frequency. Information / observations from ASOS, AWOS and ATIS also serves as a basic function needed to generate METAR reports

FIH provides information on what each report includes

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2
Q

ATIS

A

normally receivable 20 - 60 nm

Time, ceiling, visibility, obstructions to visibility, temperature, dew point, wind direction/velocity, altimeter, runway in use, and other remarks

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3
Q

ASOS/AWOS

A

ASOS - primary surface weather observing system in the US for small airports, uses several sensors around the airport to provide continuous minute by minute observations

AWOS - a smaller version of ASOS that consist normally of only one set of sensors located near the touch-down area of the primary instrument RWY

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4
Q

Categorial Outlook Terms

A

VFR - greater than 3000 ft and 5 sm
MVFR - 1000 - 3000 ft ceilings 3 - 5 sm
IFR - 500 - < 1000 ft ceilings 1 - < 3 sm
LIFR < 500 ft ceilings < 1 sm

ceilings reported in AGL

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5
Q

MOCA

A

minimum obstacle clearance altitude - lowest altitude along an established route which meets obstacle clearance for entire route & assures navigational reception within 22 nm of VOR

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6
Q

MCA

A

minimum crossing altitude - lowest altitude at a fix which must cross when proceeding in the direction of a higher minimum en-route altitude

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7
Q

MEA

A

minimum en-route altitude - lowest published altitude between fixes which assures acceptable navigational signal coverage and obstacle clearance between fixes

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8
Q

MRA

A

minimum reception altitude - lowest altitude an intersection can be determined

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9
Q

MIA

A

minimum IFR altitude - minimum altitude for IFR operations. Includes: MOCA, MEA, MCA, MSA, MVA… If no altitudes are listed then use 2000 ft over in mountainous and 1000 in non mountainous / 4 nm of course line

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10
Q

MSA

A

minimum safe altitude - altitude that provides at least 1000 ft obstacle clearance for emergency use. Normally called emergency safe altitudes or min sector altitudes

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11
Q

ESA

A

emergency safe altitude - depicted on approach charts, 2000 ft clearance mountainous 1000 ft non mountainous within 100 miles of facility. Used primary for military procedures

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12
Q

MSA

A

minimum sector altitude - depicted on approach charts, provides 2000 ft clearance mountainous and 1000 ft non mountainous within 25 miles of facility. For emergency use only and do not necessarily assure acceptable navigational signal coverage

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13
Q

MVA

A

minimum vectoring altitude - lowest altitude which may be used under emergency conditions which will provide 1000 ft obstacle Clarance within 25 mile of facility

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14
Q

Compute ETE for destination

A

estimated time required enroute from departure AP to destination AP or last fix shown in route of flight exclusive of any planned delays. Allow sufficient time for departure and climb to flight altitude

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15
Q

Compute ETE for Alternate

A

estimated time required enroute from MAP to the missed approach holding point one circuit in the holding pattern - then from the missed approach holding point to the alternate AP including approach and landing

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16
Q

What is a straight in landing

A

a landing made on a RWY aligned within 30 degrees of the final approach course following completion of an Instrument Approach

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17
Q

Clear for staring in approach / cleared for the approach

A

if cleared for straight in the pilot is. expected to continue with the published approach without performing a course reversal / PT.

If cleared for the approach the pilot is expected to perform the course reversal / PT and then continue with the published approach

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18
Q

how is the final approach fix designated on charts

A

the FAF is a fix from which the final approach to the AP is executed and which identifies the beginning of the final approach segment.

A Maltese cross is the symbol for non precision approaches

A lightning Bolt is the symbol for precision approaches

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19
Q

NOTAMS

A

time - critical aeronautical information of either temporary nature or not sufficiently known in advance to permit publication on charts / pubs. This information is essential for enroute, terminal, or landing operations that could affect a pilot’s decision to make a flight.

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20
Q

IFR cruising altitudes

A

MC 0 - 179 odd thousands
MC 180 - 359 even thousands

VFR altitude add 500 ft

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21
Q

Special Use Airspace - Prohibited

A

prohibited from flying through due to national security

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22
Q

Special Use Airspace - Restricted

A

restricted from flying through due to invisible hazards

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23
Q

Special Use Airspace - Warning

A

3 nm outside designed to Warn you of potential hazards to a nonparticipating aircraft

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24
Q

Special Use Airspace - Alert Area

A

designed to alert you to wrest that may contain a high volume of pilot training

25
Q

Special Use Airspace - MOA

A

established for the purpose of separating certain types of military training activities from IFR traffic

26
Q

Special Use Airspace - Nat’l Security Area

A

established for increased security and safety of a ground facility. Pilots are requested to voluntarily avoid NSA’s

27
Q

Instrument Departure Procedures

A

Diverse Departure Procedure - cross departure end of RWY at 35 ft AGL minimum climb gradient of 200 ft/nm if 60 kts climb 400 ft AGL before making any turns

28
Q

Obstacle Departure Procedure

A

designed to provide obstacle clearance and transition from terminal area to appropriate enroute structure

29
Q

Standard Instrument Departure

A

designed for system enhancement and to reduce pilot/s controller workload

30
Q

how long does the weather forecast last

A

1 hr 30 minutes

31
Q

4 times you can not educe visibility by 50%

A

flying faster than 90 kts
copter approaches
reduction of visibility below 1/4 sm
approach plate starts visibility reduction by helicopter NA

32
Q

when can an aircraft be flown below the published MDA or DA

A

the approach threshold of the runway must be clear visible

the aircraft must be in a safe position to complete the landing

33
Q

VFR exception rule

A

MEA - field elevation + basic cloud clearance round up to nearest 100 add airspace visibility

34
Q

Approach speed categories

A

A - 90 kts or less
B - 91 kts to 120 kts
C - 121 kts to 140 kts

35
Q

Procedure Turn not required

A 
No PT
Radar Vector
Cleared Straight in Approach
Tear Drop PT depicted and course reversal required
Procedure Turn Barb
Holding Pattern
36
Q

What are normal usable distance for L-VORs and T-VORs , ILS?

A

Low - VORs = 40 nm
ILS/LOC = 18 nm
Terminal VORs = 25 nm
Glide Slope = 10 nm

37
Q

upon reaching a holding fix or point to which cleared, what information will ATC expect you to provide without request

A

Time, altitude when reaching fix or point which cleared

38
Q

Can you file to an airport? 1 - 3 -6

A

Destination weather at ETA through one hour

Radar
Navaids Unmonitored
400/1 plus predominate

Alternate
Radar
Navaid unmonitored
A N/A
Control Airspace
GPS
39
Q

lost comms

A 
Route
Assigned
Vectored
Expected
Filed

Altitude (Highest)
MIA
Expected
Assigned

40
Q

Class A

A

IFR Only

Mode C Transponder required, Two - way Commo

48 contiguous states plus Alaska within 12 NM

18,000 MSL three FL 600

41
Q

Class B

A

3 SM / Clear of Clouds

Mode C Transponder within 30 NM, ATC clearance, two - way combo

SFC - 10,000 MSL or as depicted

need clearance prior to entering

42
Q

Class C

A

3 Sm / 500 Below, 1000 Above, 2000 Horizontal

Mode C Transponder within or above, two way comms required, and acknowledgement

5 nm inner core SFC - 4000 AGL / 10 nm outer shelf 1200 AGL - 4000 AGL

43
Q

Class D

A

3 Sm / 500 Below, 1000 Above, 2000 Horizontal

SFC to 2,500 AGL

Two way comms required

When closed will covert to E - SFC or G - SFC

44
Q

Class E

A

Above 10,000 MSL
5 Sm / 1000 Below, 1000 Above, 1 SM Horizontal

Below 10,000 MSL
3 Sm / 500 Below, 1000 Above, 2000 Horizontal

45
Q

Class G

Above 1200 AGL

A

Above 10,000 MSL
5 SM / 1000 Below, 1000 Above, 1 SM Horizontal

Below 10,000 MSL
1 SM Day / 3 SM Day
500 Below 1000 Above 2000 Horizontal

46
Q

Class G

Below 1200 AGL

A

Regardless of MSL
1/2 SM Day / 1 SM Night
Clear of Clouds

47
Q

Categories of Airspace

A

Regulatory - A, B, C, D, E, Prohibited, Restricted

Nonregulatory - All other - G, MOA’s, Warning Areas, Alert Areas, CFA’s, etc….

48
Q

Types of Airspace

A

Controlled
Uncontrolled
Special Use
Other Airspace

49
Q

Mode C Transponder required when

A 
Within Class A
Within 30 NM of Class B
Within or above all Class C
At or above 10,000 ft MSL (except airspace below 2500' AGL)
Operations within, across, or into ADIZ
50
Q

Transponder Operations (Special Codes)

A 
1200 VFR Flight
4000 Military Restricted / Warning Area
7500 Hijack
7600 Lost Commo
7700 Emergency
7777 Military Interceptor Operations
51
Q

Special Use Airspace

A 
Prohibited
Restricted
Warning
Alert Area
MOA
Control Firing Area
National Security Area
52
Q

Other Airspace Areas

A 
Airport Advisory Areas
Published VFR Routes
Temporary Flight Restrictions
TRSA
Military Training Routes
Parachute Jump Area
ADIZ
53
Q

What is a VOR

A

Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Range

if underlined means no voice

accuracy of course alignment +/- 1 degree but no more than 2.5 degree

VHF frequencies

54
Q

What is a TACAN

A

Tactical Air Navigation

provides display of range information, DME - provides continuous slant range distance

UHF frequencies

55
Q

Instruments TC

A

TC 3-04.5

56
Q

What is a VORTAC

A

VOR and TACAN
provides VOR azimuth, TACAN azimuth, and TACAN distance (DME)

frequency pairing information in the FIH

57
Q

What is DME

A

Distance Measuring Equipment

  • line of sight principle
  • frequencies UHF
  • if TACAN equipped will receive distance if not need DME equipment
58
Q

GPS

A

3 segments - space, control, user

check for restrictions in FLIP, GP, Area Plannng

four satellites

59
Q

ILS / VOR cones

A

ILS 2.5 on either side of center line.

Instrument Phase (5 decks)

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