Basic Histology: Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Systems that use nervous tissue

A

central nervous system, peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

Central nervous system

A

comprised of brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

nerves that run between CNS and target tissue

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4
Q

Glia cells

A

support cells of CNS, includes oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglial cells, and ependymal cells

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5
Q

Nerve

A

collection of axons

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6
Q

Ganglion

A

collection of nerves together with efferent and afferent axons and support cells, can have sensory or autonomic nerves

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7
Q

Neurons

A

transmit electrical impulses from one site to another and integrate them

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8
Q

Structure of a neuron

A

cell body, dendrites, axon, cytoskeleton

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9
Q

Cell body

A

soma or perikaryon, has nucleus

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10
Q

Dendrites

A

processes that receive impulses and carry toward the body of the cell

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11
Q

Axon

A

single long structure that carries impulses away from cell, ends at the synapse

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12
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

necessary for axonal transport

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13
Q

Part of cytoskeleton

A

neurofilament protein, microtubules

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14
Q

Neurofilament protein

A

intermediate filament of nerve cells that help maintain shape of axon and soma, kinesis and dynein

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15
Q

Microtubules

A

transport substances and organelles down the axon

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16
Q

Types of axonal transport

A

anterograde and retrograde

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17
Q

Anterograde fast axonal transport

A

from soma to synapse, uses molecular motor protein, kinesin

18
Q

Kinesin

A

motor protein used in anterograde

19
Q

Retrograde fast axonal transport

A

synapse back to soma, uses molecular motor protein dynein

20
Q

Dynein

A

motor protein in retrograde

21
Q

Support cells of nervous tissue

A

oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, astrocytes, microglia

22
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

form myelin sheaths in CNS

23
Q

Schwann cells

A

neurolemmocytes, enclose axons in PNS

24
Q

Node of Ranvier

A

small bare area of axons between myelin sheaths, increase nerve conduction, enriched by sodium

25
Q

Depolarization at Node of Ranvier

A

rapid passive spread of depolarization along axon beneath myelin sheath

26
Q

What limits leakage

A

leakage is minimized due to insulation from surrounding myelin

27
Q

Astrocytes

A

regulates ionic environment and metabolite levels, contains glial fibrillary acidic protein, helps with glial scar formation

28
Q

Microglia

A

macrophage, clear debris

29
Q

Regions of the central nervous system

A

cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal cord

30
Q

White matter

A

made of myelinated axons grouped together in tracts, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia. Innermost part of cerebrum with few neuronal cells

31
Q

Gray matter

A

contains many neuronal cells, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, astrocytes, and microglial cell. Outer part of cerebrum with groups of cell bodies forming nuclei

32
Q

Layers of meninges

A

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

33
Q

Dura mater

A

thick, external layer with dense fibroelastic connective tissue that goes along periosteum of the skull, separated from other lay by the subarachnoid space, avascular because it is without capillaries

34
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

loose connective tissue, with the subarachnoid space beneath it

35
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

beneath the arachnoid, separated the arachnoid from the dura, filled with cerebrospinal fluid

36
Q

Pia mater

A

innermost layer of loose connective tissue, closely applied to the surface of the CNS tissue

37
Q

Peripheral nerves

A

connective tissue covering

38
Q

Types of peripheral nerves

A

epineurium, perineurium, endoneurium

39
Q

Epineurium

A

outer sheath of loose fibro-collagenous tissue, binds nerves fascicles into nerve trunk, might have adipose tissue and main artery supply in nerve trunk

40
Q

Perineurium

A

surrounds groups of axons and endoneurium to form fascicles, acts as permeability barrier, regulates transportation of nutrients from capillaries to nerve fibers

41
Q

Fascicle

A

small bundles of axons

42
Q

Endoneurium

A

surrounds individual axons and their Schwann cells and capillaries