Basic Histology- Epithelial Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelium

A

covers body surfaces, lines body cavities, and forms glands

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2
Q

Features of epithelial cells (5)

A

closely packed, avascular, connected to basal lamina, continuously renewed, polarized

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3
Q

Basement membrane

A

thin extracellular sheets that is semipermeable that connect epithelium to connective tissue

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4
Q

Basal lamina

A

made of type 4 collagen and laminin, produced by epithelium

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5
Q

Reticular lamina

A

made of type 3 and 4 collagen, secreted by connective tissue

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6
Q

Polarity of Epithelium

A

have distinct apical and basal layers

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7
Q

How epithelium are renewed

A

continuous mitosis in basal layer

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8
Q

How epithelium obtain nutrients

A

O2 and nutrients come from capillary diffusion in connective tissue

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9
Q

4 ways to classify epithelial cells

A

of layers, shape of cells, shape of cell surface, keratinized vs. non-keratinized

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10
Q

Number of cell layers

A

single (simple) or multiple (stratified)

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11
Q

Shape of cells

A

squamous, cuboidal, columnar

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12
Q

Shape of surface cells

A

stratified or pseudostratified

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13
Q

Pseudostratified

A

cells that appear stratified but they all touch basal membrane and are actually simple

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14
Q

Keratinized cells

A

found mostly in skin, barrier against abrasion, infection and water loss, cells are dead and lack nuclei and superficial levels

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15
Q

Non-keratinized cells (4)

A

thinner with less keratin, alive and nucleated, less resistant to water loss but kept wet with glands, lines wet cavities

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16
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

urothelium, epithelial lining of urinary tract, stratified

17
Q

Types of simple squamous epithelium

A

endothelium, endocardium, mesothelium

18
Q

Endothelium

A

lines blood and lymphatic system

19
Q

Endocardium

A

lines the heart

20
Q

Mesothelium

A

lines the walls of cavities in the body (abdominal, cardiac, and lung)

21
Q

Organization of the epithelium

A

desmosomes, gap junctions, association with basal lamina, cytoskeletal components

22
Q

Desmosomes

A

cadherin proteins, bind keratin

23
Q

Gap junction

A

permit rapid spread of signaling molecules between cells, also called nexus

24
Q

Association with basal lamina

A

hemidesmosomes, focal adhesions, chemical compounds, basal-apical specialization

25
Q

Hemidesmosomes

A

integrin proteins, binds intermediate filaments, anchors cell to basal lamina

26
Q

Focal adhesions

A

integrin proteins, binds actin filaments

27
Q

Chemical compounds of basal lamina

A
  • laminin, type 4 collagen, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
28
Q

GAGs

A

glycosaminoglycans

29
Q

Cytoskeletal component

A

keratin

30
Q

Apical specialization

A

motile cilia and flagella, microvilli, stereocilia

31
Q

Microvilli

A

absorption, increase sialic acid

32
Q

Stereocilia

A

absorptive function in male testicular tubes, and sensory function in internal ear (hair cells)

33
Q

Zonulae

A

bandlike, encircle cell

34
Q

Lateral specializations

A

zonulae, maculae, and gap junctions

35
Q

Zonula occludens

A

tight junctions, seal off intercellualr space, attach to specific membrane occludins

36
Q

Zonula adherens

A

maintain seal made by tight junction

37
Q

Maculae

A

dislike, attach 2 cells at 1 spot

38
Q

Macular adherens

A

desmosome, adhere adjacent cells

39
Q

Basal specialization

A

hemidesmosomes