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Histology > Basic Histology: Muscle Tissues > Flashcards

Basic Histology: Muscle Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

General features of muscle tissue

A

muscle cells are in bundles, and are elongated and oriented with the long axis, with the nuclei parallel with orientation of the muscle

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2
Q

How are muscle cells characterized

A

the ability of the cell to contract

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3
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

cytoplasm of muscle cell

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4
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

smooth ER in muscle cells that are specialized for calcium

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5
Q

Sarcolemma

A

muscle cell membrane and external lamina

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6
Q

Contractile proteins in Muscle cytoplasm

A

actin and myosin

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7
Q

Hypertrophy

A

increase in cell volume from myofibril formation and growth of individual muscle fibers, skeletal muscle

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8
Q

Hyperplasia

A

tissue growth due to increase in number of cells, smooth muscle

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9
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

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10
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

long mononucleated cells with cross-striations, quick voluntary contractions

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11
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

elongated branched cells with cross-striations, involuntary and rhythmic

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12
Q

Smooth muscle

A

fusiform cells that lack striations, slow involuntary contractions

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13
Q

Types of skeletal muscle

A

epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

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14
Q

Epimysium

A

external sheath of dense connective tissue that surrounds the whole muscle

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15
Q

Perimysium

A

thin connective tissue layer that surrounds muscle fibers

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16
Q

Endomysium

A

thin layer of reticular fibers that surrounds external lamina of muscle fibers

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17
Q

Sarcomere

A

subunit for muscle contractile, separated by Z discs and have thick and thin overlapping filament regions

18
Q

A bands

A

dark bands with overlapping thick and thin filaments

19
Q

I bands

A

light bands, contain thin filaments

20
Q

Z disc

A

darks transverse line that bisects I band

21
Q

Myofibrils

A

repetitive arrangement of sarcomeres, found as parallel bundles in muscle fibers

22
Q

Types of myofilaments

A

thick and thin

23
Q

Thick myofilaments

A

myosin, binds actin to form crossbridges between thick and thin, and binds ATp to catalyze energy release

24
Q

Thin filaments

A

F-actin

25
Q

Types of thin filaments

A

alpha-actinin, tropomyosin, troponin

26
Q

Alpha actinin

A

actin-binding proteins that anchor actin to Z disc

27
Q

Tropomyosin

A

makes filaments that exist in grooves between F-actin molecules

28
Q

Troponin

A

complex of 3 subunits

29
Q

3 subunits of Troponin

A

TnT, TnC, TnI

30
Q

TnT

A

attaches to tropomyosin

31
Q

TnC

A

binds calcium

32
Q

TnI

A

regulates actin-myosin interaction

33
Q

Skeletal muscle contraction

A

muscle shortens because of contraction cycles that move thin filaments over thick filaments

34
Q

What shortens in contractions

A

sarcomeres

35
Q

Sarcomere relaxed state

A

sarcomere, I band and H zone are expanded

36
Q

Sarcomere contraction

A

Z disc at sarcomere boundaries are drawn closer together as they move toward the end of thick filament A band

37
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

autoimmune disease that circulate antibodies against acetylcholine, weakens muscle fiber response to nerve

38
Q

Dystrophin

A

large actin-binding proteins underneath the sarcolemma, maintains its integrity

39
Q

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

A

mutation in dystrophin expression

40
Q

Features of cardiac muscle

A

striated, individual cylindrical, central nucleus, linked by adherent and gap junctions at intercalated disc

41
Q

Features of smooth muscle

A

individual fibers linked by gap junction, no striation, thin filaments attached to alpha-actin, contraction causes cells to shorten individually

Histology (5 decks)

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