Basic Histology- Connective Tissue

Question 1

General features of connective tissue

Answer 1

characterized on basis of extracellular matrix, originates from embryonic tissue

Question 2

Functions of connective tissue (4)

Answer 2

acts as a barrier against bacteria, connects tissues to other cells, helps with diffusion of nutrients and waste, resists tearing of the organs

Question 3

Mesenchyme

Answer 3

embryonic tissue, develops from middle layer of embryo (mesoderm)

Question 4

Mesenchymal cells

Answer 4

undifferentiated, large nuclei, prominent nucleoli and fine chromatin, spindle-shaped

Question 5

Cells in connective tissue

Answer 5

fibroblasts, adipocytes, macrophages, mast cells, plasma cells, leukocytes

Question 6

Fibroblasts

Answer 6

makes and secretes collagen, elastin, GAGs, proteoglycans, multiadhesive glycoproteins

Question 7

Adipocytes

Answer 7

store cytoplasmic lipid as neutral fats

Question 8

Macrophage

Answer 8

phagocytic ability to remove dead cells, tissue debris and particulate

Question 9

Mast cells

Answer 9

help local inflammatory response, innate immunity, and tissue repair

Question 10

Plasma cells

Answer 10

derived from B-lymphocytes; produce antibodies

Question 11

Leukocytes

Answer 11

white blood cells that wander connective tissue

Question 12

Diapedisis

Answer 12

process of white blood cells leaving blood and going to endothelial cells in venules of connective tissue

Question 13

Components of Extracellular matrix

Answer 13

fibers (collagen, reticular, elastic)

Question 14

Collagen

Answer 14

4 types that are part of the fibers in extracellular matrix

Question 15

Type 1

Answer 15

resist tension, in skin, tendon, and bone

Question 16

Type 2

Answer 16

resist pressure, in cartilage and vitreous body (eye)

Question 17

Type 3

Answer 17

helps maintain structure and expand organs, in skin, muscle, blood vessel, usually with type 1

Question 18

Type 4

Answer 18

support filtration of epithelial cells, in the basal laminae

Question 19

Reticular fibers

Answer 19

consists of type 3 collagen, supports motile cells

Question 20

Elastic

Answer 20

made of fibrillin microfibrils embedded in large mass of cross-linked elastin protein

Question 21

Grounding substances

Answer 21

GAGs (also called mucopolysaccharides), proteoglycans, multiadhesive glycoprotein

Question 22

Types of connective tissue (focus)

Answer 22

loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue, adipose

Question 23

Loose (areolar) connective tissue

Answer 23

relatively more ground substance than collagen

Question 24

Dense connective tissue types

Answer 24

irregular and regular

Question 25

Dense irregular tissue types

Answer 25

primarily collagen type 1 with some elastic fibers, provide resistance to tearing from all directions

Question 26

Dense regular

Answer 26

bundles of parallel collagen, provide strength but little stretch

Question 27

Specialized connective tissue

Answer 27

reticular and adipose

Question 28

Adipose

Answer 28

adipocytes, made of reticular fibers, holds triglycerides, endocrine, and shock absorber