BASIC FIRST AID

Question 1

3 OBJECTIVES OF FIRST AID

Answer 1

1) Prevent further injury
2) Prevent infection
3) Prevent the loss of life

Question 2

HOW MANY ELEMENTS OF FIRST AID ARE THERE?

Answer 2

(GITMO) 8

Question 3

4 METHODS OF CONTROLLING BLEEDING

Answer 3

1) Direct Pressure
2) Elevation
3) Pressure Points
4) Use of Tourniquet (last resort)

Question 4

WHAT IS A PRESSURE POINT?

Answer 4

A point in the body where a main artery lies near the skin surface and over the bone.

Question 5

11 PRINCIPAL PRESSURE POINTS ON EACH SIDE OF THE BODY

Answer 5

1) Superficial Temporal Artery (Temple)
2) Facial Artery (Jaw)
3) Common Carotid Artery (Neck)
4) Subclavian Artery (Collar Bone)
5) Brachial Artery (Inner Upper Arm)
6) Brachial Artery (Inner Elbow)
7) Radial/Ulnar Artery (Wrist)
8) Femoral Artery (Upper Thigh)
9) Iliac Artery (Groin)
10) Popliteal Artery (Knee)
11) Anterior/Posterior Tibial Artery (Ankle)

Question 6

3 CLASSIFICATIONS OF BURNS

Answer 6

1) First Degree
Redness, warmth, and mild pain.

2) Second Degree
Red, blistered skin, and severe pain.

3) Third Degree
Destroyed tissue, skin, and bone in severe cases. Severe pain may be absent due to destroyed nerve endings.

Question 7

2 TYPES OF FRACTURES

Answer 7

1) Closed/Simple
Broken bone without a break in the skin.

2) Open/Compound
Break in the skin with possible bone protrusion.

Question 8

2 TYPES OF HEAT RELATED INJURIES

Answer 8

1) Heat Exhaustion
A serious disturbance of blood flow to the brain, heart, and lungs. Skin is cool, moist, and clammy. Pupils are dilated. Body temperature may be normal or high. Sweating profusely.

2) Heat Stroke
The breakdown of the body’s sweat mechanism. Excessive body heat buildup. Hot and/or dry skin. Uneven pupil dilation. Weak, rapid pulse.

Question 9

3 TYPES OF COLD WEATHER INJURIES

Answer 9

1) Hypothermia
A general cooling of the whole body caused by exposure to low or rapidly falling temperature, cold moisture, snow, or ice.

2) Superficial Frostbite
When ice crystals form in the upper skin layers.

3) Deep Frostbite
When ice crystals form in the deeper tissues.

Question 10

DEFINE “SHOCK”

Answer 10

A life-threatening condition where the body suffers from insufficient blood flow throughout the body as a result of severe injury or illness.

Question 11

TYPES OF SHOCK

Answer 11

1) Septic Shock
Bacteria multiplying in the blood and releasing toxins. Common causes are pneumonia, intra-abdominal infections, and meningitis.

2) Anaphylactic Shock
Severe hypersensitivity or allergic reaction. Causes include allergy to insect stings, medicines or foods.

3) Cardiogenic Shock
When the heart is damaged and unable to supply sufficient blood to the body due to a heart attack or congestive heart failure.

4) Hypovolemic Shock
Severe blood and fluid loss, such as from traumatic bodily injury, rendering the heart unable to pump enough blood to the body.

5) Neurogenic Shock
Spinal cord injury.