BASIC CONCEPTS ON LABORATORY BIOSAFETY & BIOSECURITY PART 2 Flashcards
what classification of fires are ordinary combustible solid materials, such as paper, wood, plastic, and fabric
Class A
what classification of fires are combustible/reactive metals, such as
magnesium, sodium, and potassium
Class D
what classification of fires are flammable liquids/gases and combustible petroleum
products
Class B
what classifications of fire energized electrical equipment
Class C
fire or explosion, asphyxiation, pressure buildup, embrittlement of materials, and tissue damage similar to that of thermal
burns
Cryogenic Materials Hazards
Liquid nitrogen
Cryogenic Materials Hazards
what is laboratory glassware
Glass Pipets
should be handled with extra care, as should sharp instruments such as cork borers, needles, scalpel blades,
and other tools
Glass Pipets
These physical actions can, over time, contribute to repetitive strain disorders
Ergonomic Hazards
These physical actions can, over time, contribute to repetitive strain disorders
Ergonomic Hazards
Pressurized water extinguishers, as well as foam and multipurpose dry-chemical types are used for
Class A Fires
Multipurpose dry-chemical and carbon dioxide extinguishers are used for
Class B and Class C fires
recommended for use with computer equipment
Halogenated hydrocarbon extinguishers
What classification of fires present special problems, and extinguishment is left to trained firefighters using special dry-chemical extinguishers
Class D
what primary contributing factors associated with repetitive strain disorders
position/posture, applied force, and frequency of repetition
position/posture, applied force, and frequency of repetition
may indicate the onset of repetitive strain disorders
Chronic symptoms of pain, numbness, or tingling in extremities
should be neutralized before disposal
strong acids or bases
should never be disposed of down
the drain
foul-smelling chemicals
must be collected in approved
containers and segregated into compatible classes
flammable solvents
flush down the drain with copious
quantities of water
water-soluble substances
How many Classifications of fires
4 (Class A-D)
is a process used to recognize the hazardous characteristics of infectious agents that may be encountered in the clinical
microbiology laboratory
Biological Risk Assessment
laboratory practices that could result in an infectious exposure
- the likelihood that a LAI will occur
- the consequences of that infection
For an infection to occur: the infectious agent must have a route of transmission to the susceptible host
susceptible host
For an infection to occur: must be high enough to cause disease
concentration of the agent
two major sources of biological hazards in the microbiology laboratory
- processing of the patient specimens
- handling of the actively growing cultures of
microorganisms
The major routes of LAIs in the clinical laboratory are:
- parenteral inoculations
- spills and splashes onto skin or mucous membranes, ingestions
- inhalation of infectious aerosols
needle sticks or contaminated sharps
parenteral inoculations
putting pens or fingers into the mouth, mouth pipetting
spills and splashes onto skin or mucous membranes, ingestions
Five steps have been outlined in the CDC’s “Guidelines for Safe Work
Practices in Human and Animal Medical Diagnostic Laboratories” for
performing a risk assessment.
- Identify the hazards associated with an infectious agent or material
- Identify the activities that might cause exposures to the agent or material
- Consider the competencies and experience of laboratory personnel
- Evaluate and prioritize risks (evaluate the likelihood that an exposure would cause a LAI and the severity of consequences if such an infection occurs)
- Develop, implement, and evaluate controls to minimize the
risk for exposure
Five steps have been outlined in the CDC’s “Guidelines for Safe Work
Practices in Human and Animal Medical Diagnostic Laboratories” for
performing a risk assessment.
- Identify the hazards associated with an infectious agent or material
- Identify the activities that might cause exposures to the agent or material
- Consider the competencies and experience of laboratory personnel
- Evaluate and prioritize risks (evaluate the likelihood that an exposure would cause a LAI and the severity of consequences if such an infection occurs)
- Develop, implement, and evaluate controls to minimize the
risk for exposure
should be separated from the other parts of the building and be accessed through two self-closing doors
BSL-3 laboratory
what personnel must have specific training in handling of these pathogenic and potentially lethal organisms
Laboratory personnel
it requires a ducted air ventilation system that must provide for sustained directional air flow
BSL-3 laboratory
directional air flow pulls air from
clean area toward “potentially contaminated” areas
The ceilings and floors must be solid, and any seams must be sealed
BSL-3 LABORATORY
All parts of the laboratory must be constructed for easy cleaning and decontamination
BSL-3 LABORATORY
agents that are dangerous and exotic
BIOSAFETY LEVEL 4
Agents that are well classified and are not known to cause disease consistently healthy adults
BSL-1 LABORATORY
can be transmitted by aerosols, or have an unknown risk of transmission
BIOSAFETY LEVEL 4
is located in a separate building or is
in an isolated zone within a building
BSL-4 facility
Laboratorians should receive immunizations or tests for agents handled or for agents that could potentially be in the laboratory environment
BIOSAFETY LEVEL 2
Two types of BSL-4 laboratories
Cabinet laboratory
Suit laboratory
This facility is isolated from all other areas, and access is strictly controlled.
BSL-4 facility
have a high risk of causing life-threatening infections
BIOSAFETY LEVEL 4
Infectious agents that require BSL-2 containment and practices are agents that pose a moderate potential hazard
for the employees and the environment
Biosafety level 2
type of BSL-4 Laboratories that all work is performed within a class III BSC
Cabinet laboratory
A biosafety manual must be developed and updated
Biosafety level 2
type of BSL-4 Laboratories that personnel wear a positive pressure protective suit to
perform all work
Suit laboratory
True Or False
The BSL-4 laboratory has a dedicated nonrecirculating ventilation system, which is filtered through a HEPA filter before being exhausted
True
True or False
safety cabinets cannot be used as physical fume hoods.
False ( Chemical Fume hoods)
What class uses an exhaust fan to move air inward through the open front
Class I
what class that air is pulled inward and downward by a blower and passed up
through the airflow plenum where it passes through a HEPA filter before reaching the work surface
Class ll
What class is the most common in microbiology laboratories
Class ll
What class is a self-contained ventilated system for highly infectious
microorganisms or materials and provides the highest level of personal protection
Class lll
The objective of biosecurity is to prevent loss, theft or misuse of microorganisms, biological materials, and research-related information
Biosecurity
What Elements of a Biosecurity Program is an organizational structure for the biosecurity program
Program Management
What Elements of a Biosecurity Program personnel and visitor identification, visitor management, access procedures, and reporting of security incidents
Personal Management
What Elements of a Biosecurity Program identifying the roles and responsibilities for employees who handle, use, store and transport dangerous pathogens and/or
other important assets
Personal Management
What Elements of a Biosecurity Program is the chain of command, roles, and responsibilities methods for limiting access
Program Management
the objective is to know what agents exist at a facility, where they are located, and who is responsible for them.
Inventory and Accountability
The objective of an information security program is to protect information from unauthorized release and ensure that the
appropriate level of confidentiality is preserved
Information Security
Transport policies should address the need for appropriate documentation and material accountability and control procedures for pathogens in transit between locations
Transport of Biological Agents
the preservation of human life, the safety and health of laboratory employees and the surrounding community
Accident, Injury and Incident Response Plans
bomb threats, natural disasters and severe weather, power outages
Accident, Injury and Incident Response Plans
a “chain- of-notification” should be established in advance of an actual event.
Reporting and Communication
loss or theft of materials, emergency response to accidents
and injuries, incident reporting and identification of and
response to security breaches
Training and practice drills
biosecurity program audits and implement corrective actions as needed
Security Updates and Re-evaluations
the intentional use of bacteria, viruses, fungi, or toxins to injure people, animals, or crops to cause civil and economic unrest and
can be classified as overt or covert
Bioterrorism
the impact will be immediate and there will be early recognition of the event, generally by emergency response personnel
Overt Bioterrorism
the recognition, as well as the response
could be delayed, allowing the disease to disseminate throughout the population
Covert Bioterrorism
the deliberate use of bacteria,viruses, fungi, or toxins to injure people, animals, or crops to gain a military advantage or for
political gain
Biological Warfare
