Basic Concepts 2 Flashcards
ANS control of resp tract: nasal secretions reduced by? nasal decongestants do what?
reduced by attenuating blood flow to nasopharyngeal gland. mimic/potentiate effect of vasoconstrictor sympathetic nerves on nasal blood vessels
resp tract: ANS control what two cell types in bronchioles
bronchiole glands, that secrete mucus. ciliated epithelial cells which distribute the mucus
lungs get what two types of innervation? what dominates?
cholinergic and adrenergic, but parasympathetic tone dominates
ANS controls what in digestive tract
salivary, stomach acid, bile and pancreatic secretion. also controls peristaltic reflex via the enteric NS
peristaltic reflex activated by? coordinated by what types of nerves (4)?
activated by tension in the wall of the GI tract. purinergic (ATP), serotoninergic, peptidergic and cholinergic nerves
peristatlic reflex: relax or contract what muscles
relax longitudinal muscles in front of bolus = descending inhibition. contraction of circular muscle behind bolus = ascending excitation
enteric ENS comprises what two plexa?
(larger) myenteric plexus of Auerbach = peristalsis. submucosal plexus of meisner = secretion
enteric ganglia receive what two inputs?
direct excitatory input from CN X (vagus) aka efferent parasympathetic fibers. inhibitory sympathetic nerve input.
ANS controls what parts of the urogenital system
renal artery (vasoconstriction = reduces urine output). renin production (which will affect blood volume/pressure). two major smooth muscles in urinary bladder.
which two bladder muscles under ANS control, and what they do
detrusor muscle = adjusts bladder volume. internal sphincter = urine is stored in bladder until it is allowed to relax
bladder voiding under what control?
ANS control, but we also have an external sphincter under voluntary control
ANS control of eyes: what reflex?
fast parasympathetic reflex: pupil constriction in bright light = good examples of ANS integration at a target tissue
ANS control of eyes: what nerves do what
parasymp = miosis aka constriction. sympathetic = dilation
ANS control of metabolism: coordinates what? targets include?
coordinates storage, mobilization, use of nutrients. targets: liver, thyroid, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, pancreatic islet cells
ANS + immune system: esp during? communication?
cross talk especially during stress. immune system cells communicate via production of inflammatory factors and cytokines
inflammatory cues can result in?
cells can be removed from blood capillaries in response: then to interstitial space then to lymphatic system then to spleen
immune system: what does the ANS do
lymphatic system + spleen innervated by ANS. splanchnic stimulation involves contraction and release of these cells back into circulatory system
ANS + IS: most tissues contain ___ and ___ which can __? what two cells are influenced by what from ANS?
mast cells and macrophages, come in close contact with ANS efferents/afferents. circulating lymphocytes and macrophages influenced by hormones produced under influence of ANS
during exercise: what is activated? information invokes what?
chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors in muscle. central command to cause autonomic cardiorespiratory pattern
baroreceptor reflex: relation between what to things
HR increases = BP decreases. BP increases = HR decreases.
resetting of baroreceptors allows?
high heart rates in the presence of elevate aortic pressure (because when you exercise you want HR and BP up)
continued exercise: what happens?
ANS elevates vascular resistance in renal/mesenteric vascular beds = cardiac output distributed away from viscera but towards skeletal muscles
heat loss: detected by what? activates what 5 things to happen?
decreased skin and blood temp detected by hypothalamus. shivering response and peripheral vasoconstriction. also have decreased HR, respiration, GI motility
shivering response: what happens but at the expense of what
metabolic demands of the shivering response promote significant thermogenesis, but at the expense of increased oxygen consumption
