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Radiobiology > Basic Biologic Interactions Of Radiation > Flashcards

Basic Biologic Interactions Of Radiation Flashcards

1
Q

Interaction of radiation in cells

A

Probability function

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2
Q

Initial deposition of energy occur very rapidly

A

Period of approximately 10^-17 seconds

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3
Q

Radiation interaction in a cell

A

Non-selective

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4
Q

Ratio of the doses under hypoxia to aerated conditions that produce the same biological effect

A

Oxygen enhancement ratio (OER)

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5
Q

Increases radiation effectiveness for cell killing

A

Oxygen presence (aerated conditions)

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6
Q

Result in more radio resistant cells

A

Lack of oxygen (hypoxic cells)

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7
Q

Cells are much more sensitive to x-rays in the presence of molecular oxygen than its absence

A

Oxygen effect

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8
Q

Rate at which energy is energy is deposited as a charged particle travels through matter

A

LET (Linear energy transfer)

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9
Q

Unit for LET

A

keV/u

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10
Q

Low LET radiation

A

Electromagnetic radiation

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11
Q

High LET radiation

A

Particulate radiation

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12
Q

Ability of different types of radiations to produce a specific biologic response

A

Relative biologic effectiveness (RBE)

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13
Q

Comparison of a dose of a test radiation to a dose of 250keV X-rays which produce the same biologic response

A

RBE

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14
Q

Involves absorption of ionizing radiation in the medium in which the molecules are suspended

A

Indirect action

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15
Q

Occurs when an ionizing radiation interacts with and is absorbed by a biologic macromolecules

A

Direct action

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16
Q

Absorption of radiation by a water molecule results in the production of ion pair and free radicals

A

Radiolysis of water

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17
Q

Contain a single unpaired electron in their outer shell, making them chemically unstable and highly reactive

A

Free radicals

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18
Q

Recombining with other free radicals producing ___, a toxic substance to the cell

A

Hydrogen peroxide

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19
Q

Requires a higher radiation dose to produce measurable effect than in vivo irradiation

A

In vitro irradiation of macromolecules

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20
Q

More sensitive in their natural state

A

Molecules

21
Q

Three major effects of in vitro irradiation of macromolecules

A

Main-chain scission
Cross-linking
Point lesions

22
Q

Breakage of thread or backbone of long chain of macromolecules resulting to reduction of long, single molecule into many smaller molecules

A

Main-chain scission

23
Q

After breakage, the broken end will attach to a neighboring macromolecules

A

Cross-linking

24
Q

Disruption of a single chemical bonds of a macromolecules

A

Point lesions

25
Q

Molecules that are present only in necessary amount, and all are constantly needed for the proper functioning and life of cell

A

Target

26
Q

Interaction of ionizing radiation with a “key molecule” within a short distance around one of these molecules

A

Target theory

27
Q

Occurs only if target molecule is inactivated

A

Cell death

28
Q

Most likely target for radiation action

A

DNA

29
Q

Fracture in the back bone of one chain of the DNA molecule

A

Single strand break

30
Q

Fracture in the backbone if both chains of DNA molecule

A

Double strand break

31
Q

Principal characteristic of radiation-induced malignant disease

A

Uncontrolled rapid proliferation of cells

32
Q

Molecules with excess energy that diffuse through the cell and disrupt molecular bonds of target molecule

A

Free radicals

33
Q

Required rads to kill a cell when nucleus is irradiated

A

100rads

34
Q

Required rads to kill a cell when cytoplasm is irradiated

A

1000 rads

35
Q

Changing a normal cell into a malignant cell

A

Transformation

36
Q

Types of chromosomal mutation

A

Single break effect
Double break effect
Chromosome stickiness

37
Q

Rejoining and healing of the broken ends of the chromosome

A

Restitution

38
Q

Joining of 2 chromatids without a centromere

A

Acentric chromosome

39
Q

Joining of two chromatids with centromeres

A

Dicentric chromosome

40
Q

Joining of Acentric fragment from one chromosome to the fragment containing the centromere of the other chromosome

A

Translocation

41
Q

Associate with translocation of chromosomes

A

Leukemia

42
Q

Process wherein the fragments between the break is deleted

A

Deletion

43
Q

The fragment with broken ends turn around and rejoin thereby reversing its position on the chromosome

A

Inversion

44
Q

Results when broken ends of the fragment with the centromere moves about and twist before joining

A

Ring chromosome

45
Q

Occurs in cell already in division; believed by alteration in the chemical composition of the protein component of the chromosome by irradiation

A

Chromosome stickiness

46
Q

Rate at which radiation is delivered

A

Dose rate

47
Q

Produce more simple aberrations than complex ones

A

Low LET radiations

48
Q

Greater possibility of producing more complex aberration

A

High LET radiation

49
Q

Study of the sequence of events that follows the absorption of energy from ionizing radiation…

A

Radiobiology

Radiobiology (10 decks)

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