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ZOOTC FINAL TERM > BASIC ASPECTS OF FEEDS > Flashcards

BASIC ASPECTS OF FEEDS Flashcards

1
Q

They grow faster, more efficient in feed utilization, more resistant to diseases

A

well-nourished animal

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2
Q

It is rationing feeds short of the proper volume

A

Underfeeding

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3
Q

It is giving more feed beyond the standard level both in volume and in nutritional requirement

A

Overfeeding

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4
Q

It is feeding enough feedstuff with unbalanced nutritional level, which usually results to nutritional deficiency

A

Unbalanced feeding

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5
Q

it is a chemical substance found in feed materials that can be used and necessary for the maintenance production

A

nutrients

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6
Q

young animals and breeding animals needs more?

A

protein

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7
Q

working/adult animals needs more?

A

carbs, energy

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8
Q

a feedstuff that can be digested or broken down

A

digestible nutrients

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9
Q

its in roughage that is not easily digested

A

fiber

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10
Q

they are efficient users of roughage

A

ruminants and horses

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11
Q

3 basic function of feed nutrients

A
  • structural materials for building (proteins, mineral, water)
  • source of energy for heat production (carbs, fats, protein)
  • regulators of body (vitamins, amino acid, mineral)
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12
Q

give some reason why animals need feed

A
  • maintenance
  • growth
  • reproduction
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13
Q

3 terms of animal feed

A

-ration
-balanced ration
- diet

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14
Q

its a total amount of feed an animal gets in 24 hours

A

ration

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15
Q

ration that provides all nutrients needed by the animal in the right amount

A

balanced ration

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16
Q

Type and amount of feed and water an animal eats

A

diet

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17
Q

6 types of materials of feed and water an animal eats

A
  • carbs
  • fats
  • protein
  • mineral
  • vitamins
  • water
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18
Q

Major sources are corn oats, hay, soybean oil meal and grain sorghum.

also it is more abundant and cheaper very easily digested and turned into body fat

most important source of energy

A

Carbohydrates

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19
Q

Meat scraps, tankage, cottonseed and fish meal

A

Fats

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20
Q

Tankage, soybean meal, fish meal

also complex compounds made of amino acids.

A

protein

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21
Q

they are needed by animals; six are macrominerals. Includes calcium, salt, phosphorus, magnesium

it is the inorganic elements of animals and plants

A

minerals

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22
Q

Most important of all nutrients.

A

water

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23
Q

it is A,D, and the B vitamins are most important in animals.

A

vitamins

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24
Q

market hog is ___% water,
newborn calf is ____% water

A

40%

70%

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25
Q

Some are created by the body, (nonessential) Others can’t be made fast enough (essential)

Poor Quality Protein Feeds

A

amino acid

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26
Q

what does deficiency mean

A

loss of production

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27
Q

what are the 6 Macrominerals needed by the animal

A

Salt
Calcium
Phosphorus
Magnesium
Potassium
Sulfur

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28
Q

give some function of minerals

A
  • give strength to skeleton
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28
Q

give some Microminerals needed by the animal

A

Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
Fluorine
iodine
Iron
zinc

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29
Q

give some function of minerals

A
  • Give strength to skeleton
  • Part of protein
  • Activate enzyme systems
  • Control fluid balance
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30
Q

what are the fat soluble vitamins

A

vitamin A D E K

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31
Q

what are the WAYS SUPPLEMENTS ARE
PREPARED

A

BLOCKS- Salt or mineral block
LIQUIDS- Molasses
MIXES- Salt, protein sources

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32
Q

it gives energy needed for all life processes
like in Deficiency: slow or stunted

A

energy feeds

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33
Q

Animal Proteins are superior for ______

A

monogastrics

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34
Q

they are abundant in essential amino acids

A

Milk and Eggs

35
Q

Most likely AA to be deficient are:

A

Lysine, Methionine, and Tryptophan

36
Q

Cereal grains are low in these

A

AA

37
Q

it is high in TDN and high in protein.

A

Protein supplements

38
Q

what does TDN mean

A

total digestable Nutrients

39
Q

3 types of protein supplements

A
  • animal (meat scraps and tangkage, blood meals)
  • plant (soybean oil meal, cotton seed meal)
  • synthetic (urea,rice hulls)
40
Q

any ingredient, or material, fed to animals. most provide one or more nutrients.

A

Feedstuff

41
Q

they are nonnutritives

A

flavor, color, adding bulk,
preservatives

42
Q

give some Feed Classifications

A

Roughages
Concentrates
By-product feeds
Protein Supplements
Minerals
Vitamins
Special Feeds

43
Q

give the Two General Classes of Feedstuffs

A
  • Roughages
  • Concentrates
44
Q

Feedstuffs that are high in fiber and low in energy.

A

roughages

45
Q

Feed that are low in fiber and high
in energy

A

Concentrates

46
Q

it varies more than any other feed harvest at optimum time cure properly 20% moisture or less

A

hay

47
Q

left in field after harvest straw, corn stalks. it is fed to right class of animal & supplement

A

Crop Residues

48
Q

fermented forage plants
mostly corn or sorghum

A

silage

49
Q

low moisture silage
grass or legume

A

Haylage

50
Q

give some other roughages

A

cottonseed hulls
corncobs
sawdust
beet tops
root crops
oat hulls

51
Q

its high in TDN but do not provide a balanced ration.

A

grains

52
Q

most widely used grain

A

corn

53
Q

in By-Product Feeds Milling by-products are from?

A

cereal grains
oilseeds
root crops

53
Q

Feeds left over from animal and plant processing or industrial manufacturing

A

By-Product Feeds

54
Q

in By-Product Feeds what are the Effective & Profitable Use:

A

price
composition be known
palatable and consumed

55
Q

inedible tissues from meat packing like
surplus milk products

A

Animal Protein Supplements

56
Q

what does NPN mean?

A

Nonprotein Nitrogen Sources

57
Q

they have microorganisms (simple plants) in rumen convert nitrogen into protein

A

ruminants

58
Q

it is made from anhydrous ammonia and the end product in nearly all mammals

A

urea

59
Q

it has 281% protein

A

UREA

60
Q

it is a protein from single-celled organisms: yeast, bacteria, fungi

A

Single-celled protein (SCP)

61
Q

it can can make 10 times as much protein as soybeans per acre

A

algae

62
Q

can be destroyed by heat, sunlight, oxidation, mold growth

A

vitamins

63
Q

vitamins for Adult Ruminants

A

VITAMINS: A D E

synthesize: B, C, K vitamins
sunlight = Vit. D.

64
Q

It needs vitamin supplements

A

hogs

65
Q

first milk given by mammals after parturition

A

colostrum

66
Q

it is fortified with vitamins, minerals & antibiotics

A

Milk Replacers

67
Q

it is acidulated soap stock, tallows, greases

A

fats and oils

68
Q

it increases calories of ration, controls dust, lessens wear on feed mixing equip

A

fat

69
Q

Substance when disolved in water enables solution to conduct electric

A

Electrolytes

70
Q

increase palatability of reed intake many additive taste or smell bad

A

FLAVORING AGENTS

71
Q

its for dairy cattle, occurs in all milk, not growth promotion

A

BST (bovine somatotropin)

71
Q

chemical release release by a specific area of the body

A

hormones

72
Q

for swine but similar to BST

A

PST porcine somatotropin

73
Q

for not pregnant heifer
supresses estrus

A

MGA (melengestrol acetate)

74
Q

feed additives that change the metabolison within the rumen by altering the rumen

A

IONOPHORES

75
Q

other additives of IONOPHORES

A

probiotics - microbial cultures
steroids - increase muscle mass & eliminate
tranquilizers - curbing activity

76
Q

free from any contaminant that would otherwise reduce its nutritional value unfit for animal to consume

A

clean

77
Q

good quality and of good price

A

affordable

78
Q

what are the common methods of feed preparation

A
  • cooking
  • steaming
  • cutting
  • fermenting
  • peletting
79
Q

what are the common forms of feeds

A
  • meal form
  • crumble form
  • pellet form
80
Q

it grounds pellets into course

A

crumble form

81
Q

the usual end products resulting from mixing of feedstuffs

A

meal form

82
Q

process of compressing mash feeds with the aid of lives steam

A

pellet form

83
Q

it is chopping, grinding, shredding.

it is also easier to handle and less storage area

A

forage processing method

83
Q

give some feed types

A
  • booster/prestarter
  • starter
  • grower
  • finisher
  • layer
  • breeder
  • lactating

ZOOTC FINAL TERM (6 decks)

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