Animal Health Program Flashcards
Refers to the physiological well being of an animal.
Animal Health
(Defined as an illness) one of the major factors that affect animal health.
Disease
Is concerned with those factors that may impair health, comfort, and productivity of the animals.
Animal Health Care
What are the factors affecting animal health?
Infectious diseases
Noninfectious diseases
Viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoans, internal and external parasite.
Infectious diseases
Genetic defects, nutritional deficiencies, metabolic disorders, and toxicities or poisonings.
Noninfectious diseases
Is an abnormal deviation from the healthy state of the animal.
Disease
Refers to the objective manifestation of the disease.
The manifestation of a disease as diagnosed or confirmed by a competent authority.
(Clinical) Signs
Subjective manifestation of disease by the animal
Symptoms
A name given to a disease so that each doctor means the same syndrome as every other veterinarian.
Diagnosis
Is a forecast of the progress of the disease affecting the animal.
Prognosis
The animal that harbors the parasite
Host
Where the parasite will exert its harmful effects and may also undergoes reproduction
Final host
An animal that temporarily harbors the immature stage of the parasite
Intermediate host
An organism that lives on or in another organism and usually causes harm to the latter
Parasite
Expressed as the percentage of animals which are clinically affected compared to the total number of animals to the same risk
Morbidity rate
The percentage of the affected animal that die
Mortality rate/ Fatality rate
Signs that indicate healthy livestock
•contentment
•alertness
•chewing of cud
•sleek coat
•bright eyes and pink eye membrane
•normal feces and urine
•normal temperature
•normal pulse rate
•normal respiration
Give some signs that indicates unhealthy livestock
- lost of appetite
- rough hair coat
- abnormal feces
- dull eyes
- high temperature
give some Signs of Pain and Distress
- Lethargy, restlessness
- Lack of appetite
- Increased aggression
- Guarded posture
- Self mutilation
- Intense rubbing
it affects a particular community or region
Epidemic
it widespread affecting the whole continent/world country
Pandemic
it peculiar to a certain region or people, disease that occur more or less Constantly in any particular locality.
endemic
pertaining to disease afflicting animals in a limited district.
Enzootic disease
give the Classification of disease based on its course
Peracute
Acute
Subacute
Chronic
disease recourse, the animal dies without apparent symptoms
Peracute
there is sudden onset of severe symptoms and is usually fatal to the animal
acute
it is Between chronic and acute
subacute
if the animal suffers from the disease for a long period
of time
chronic
give the Classification of Disease based on the causative agent
- Infectious disease
- Mechanical disease
- Physical disease
- Congenital disease
- Poisoning
- Genetic diseases
- Hormonal imbalance
- Malnutrition/ nutritional/Deficiency
- Zoonotic disease
is capable of being transmitted from one animal to another and is caused by living, harmful microorganisms.
Infectious disease
it caused by mechanical forces
the impact of the forces applied.
Push is an example
Mechanical disease
it is due to physical forces, earth, wind, fire, flood, extreme temperatures, environmental conditions.
physical disease
may be due to various factors affecting the gestation period of the dam. also it already affect the animal even before born.
Congenital disease
this is due to chemical substances ingested by the animal or toxins from harmful organisms.
Example: bee sting, venom,
poisoning
this is due to the effect of genes of the animals.
genetic diseases
deficiency or insufficiency of hormones produced by the body may result to localized or general malfunction of the body parts
Hormonal imbalance
its the deficiency of food nutrients may result to abnormalities.
Example: a deficiency of calcium interferes with the development of bones
Malnutrition/ nutritional/Deficiency
diseases which can be transmitted from animals to man and vice versa.
zoonotic disease
What are the Zoonotic Diseases that is birthing fluids?
•Q Fever
•Brucellosis
What are the Zoonotic Diseases?
•Rabies
•Q Fever
•Anthrax
•Brucellosis
•Tuberculosis
•Soremouth
•Leptospirosis
•E. coli
•Salmonella
•Avian Influenza
Application of proper breeding principles and the different proper management practices.
Providing adequate and appropriate housing, equipment, and proper nutrition
Husbandry aspect
Minimize contact between disease agents and the animal (sanitation and hygiene)
Minimize undesirable effects of diseases (surgery, chemotherapy, parasite control)
Augment natural body protective mechanisms or body resistance against diseases ( vaccination, supportive therapy, and preventive medication)
Veterinary aspect
Keep the animal calm, stop any bleeding, get a veterinarian ASAP
Veterinary emergencies
No progress 30-60 minutes after water bag breaks.
Difficulty in birthing
Dystocia
Provide some sanitation and hygiene
- Regular removal and proper disposal of manure, litters, waste, and other organic matters/products
- Proper disposal of dead animals
- Check wallowing and drinking areas
- Provide isolation or quarantine
- Well-drained pens
- Regular grooming
- Confinement and segregation
- Disinfection and proper use of disinfectant
- Regular cleaning of houses, equipment and other farm facilities
Is a planned and specific schedule incorporating vaccinations and breeding/management activities on time calendar, age, or the life cycle of the animals
Herd or flock health program
Is a plan of measures and practices included in the health program to reduce the risk of introducing diseases into the farm that may be carried or spread by personnel, equipment or vehicles entering the farm
Biosecurity
The following are some considerations in implementing a rigid biosecurity program:
- The designs, orientation, order/sequence of animal house units to prevent cross contamination.
- Only limited personnel in the farm or animal house units.
- Requiring all personnel entering to undergo washing, bathing, disinfection, fumigation, etc.
- Requiring all personnel to change clothing ant to wear farm cover-all and boots inside the farm.
- Washing and disinfection of vehicles and equipment entering the farm.
- Providing isolation units or quarantine areas for newly acquired or purchased stock.
- Have an effective rodent control, bird proofing, and disallowing the entry or raising of other animals.
What are the general preventive measures against diseases?
- Sanitation
- Disinfection
- Vaccination
- Judicious use of drugs
- Nutrition
- Quarantine
- Genetic improvement
- Proper housing and equipment
- Judicious culling
- Deworming
- Control diseases vectors and carriers
•The application of sanitary measures
•Establishing favorable conditions favorable to animal health with respect to infectious diseases
Sanitation
•The application of physical or chemical means to the buildings.
•The provision of footbath is necessary in front of the building before entering a farm house.
Disinfection
The process of administering vaccine/immune serum to the animal to protect it from a specific disease.
Vaccination
Antibiotics and other drugs are used in the control of infections.
Judicious use of drugs
•Proper feed and feeding
• Make sure the animal receive proper and balance food and feeding
Nutrition
A period of detention, restriction on place from entering and leaving
Quarantine
Proper selection and good breeding to prevent abnormalities brought by inbreeding and selection of breeds resistant or more tolerant to disease
Genetic Improvement
Provision of good housing and equipment. Buildings must be screened especially if young animals are present
Proper housing and equipment
Continuous removal of unit animals as not to add cost on feeds and increase burden to the caretaker
Judicious culling
•Frequent application of dewormers to control parasitic infection which in the long run contributes to the success of the farm operations.
•This is a routine procedure in management of livestock to control parasitic infection
Deworming
•Elimination of disease vectors and carriers
•Fumigation of farm buildings may be necessary
Control of disease vectors and carriers
What are the basic herd health supplies?
• Thermometer
• Record Book
• Alcohol
• Syringes and needles of various sizes and gauges
• Sharp’s container for used needles
• Balling gun for oral dosing of bolus medication
What are the infectious diseases of cattle and buffaloes?
• Foot and mouth disease (FMD)
• Hemorrhagic septicemia (hemosep)
• Anthrax
• Blackleg
• Tetanus
What are the infectious diseases of swine?
• FMD
• Hog cholera
• Pseudorabies
• Transmissible gastro-enteritis (TGE)
• Leptospirosis
• Piglet scours
What are the infectious diseases of sheep and goat?
• Sore mouth or contagious ecthyma
• Pink eye
• FMD
• Pasteurellosis
• Bacterial scours
• Respiratory diseases
What are the common problems in goats?
- Internal parasite
- Digestive/Nutritional
- Reproductive
- Hoof
- Skin
•May not show signs of illness
What are the infectious diseases of Poultry?
• Marek’s disease (MD)
• New Castle Disease (NCD)
• Gumboro or Infectious bursal disease
• Chronic Respiratory Disease
• Fowl cholera
• Viral arthritis or malabsorption syndrome
Is the infestation by internal and/or external parasites
Parasitism
Give some internal parasite
• tapeworms
• lungworms
• capillary worms
• coccidia
• trypanosoma
• malaria
• liver fluke
• stomach worms
Give some external parasite
•Ticks
•Fleas
•Lice
•Stable flies
•Grubs
•Nose bots
Parasite affects animals by:
•Competition for nutrients
•Sucking blood and body fluids
•Secreting toxins
•Causing irrigations, wounds, allergies
•Feeding on and destroying tissues
•Transmitting other diseases
•Predisposing to secondary infectious
Parasitism does not always cause death in animals but seriously causes economic loss. True or false
True
Parasitism can be controlled through:
• Environmental management
• Control of intermediate host or vectors
• Proper housing and deworming
What nutrient deficiency that the disease conditions are night blindness, keratitis, reproduction problems, and rough hair coat?
Vitamin A
What nutrient deficiency that the disease conditions are osteomalacia, rickets, poor growth, poor egg production?
Vitamin D
What nutrient deficiency that the disease conditions are encephalomalacia in poultry, exudative diathesis, muscular dystrophy, stiff in livestock, infertility?
Vitamin E and selenium
What nutrient deficiency that the disease conditions are polyneuritis in bird?
Vitamin B1 (thiamin)
What nutrient deficiency that the disease conditions are hemorrhages?
Vitamin K
What nutrient deficiency that the disease conditions are curled toe paralysis?
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
What nutrient deficiency that the disease conditions are blacktongue in chicks, dermatitis?
Vitamin B3 (niacin)
What nutrient deficiency that the disease conditions are dermatitis, alopecia, convulsions?
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
What nutrient deficiency that the disease conditions are goose-stepping in pigs?
Pantothenic acid
What is the cause/factor of lactation tetany, and milk fever?
Hypocalcemia
What is the cause/factor of ketosis in cattle?
Hypoglycemia
What is the cause/factor of azutoria or Monday morning disease in horses?
Sudden exercise, high CHO
What is the cause/factor of rumen acidosis, bloat in cattle?
Abrupt increase in concentrates
What is the cause/factor of high mountain or brisket disease?
Chronic hypoxia, high elevation
What is the cause/factor of pregnancy toxemia/ketosis in sheep?
Pregnancy stress, high carbohydrates
What is the cause/factor of hypoglycemia in piglets?
Milk deprivation
What is the cause/factor of urinary calculi in males?
Ca-P imbalance
