Basic Animal Care (2nd)

Question 1

What is the theory of evolution by natural selection and who wrote it

Answer 1

That variation in traits exist within animals of one species and Charles Darwin

Question 2

What is the theory of genetic information and inheritance and who wrote it

Answer 2

Gregory Mandel. Like the morphology and physiology the behavior also has a genetic component

Question 3

Who were the three founders of the comparative study of behavior

Answer 3

Konrad Lorenz, niko Tinbergen and Karl Von Frisch

Question 4

What is behavioral medicine

Answer 4

The medicinal study of abnormal behavior. Methods used to diagnose behavior problems and modify behavior in pets

Question 5

Why are the majority of animals euthanized

Answer 5

Due to behavior problem

Question 6

Why should we study animal behavior

Answer 6

So we learn to interpret their natural behavior as it relates to safe handling, restraint, management practices. Also for client education and to assist researchers

Question 7

Where does instinct come from

Answer 7

It is inherited

Question 8

Where does learning come from

Answer 8

From the environment and experience

Question 9

Give an example of physiology controlled behavior

Answer 9

Neutered versus non-neutered

Question 10

Describe fixed action patterns

Answer 10

Behaviors carried out in an orderly, predictable, sequence. May not be performed identically on all occasions but should be recognizable

Question 11

What is special about instinct and the way it controls behavior

Answer 11

Behaviors are performed without being based upon prior experience

Question 12

What is essential for fixed action pattern to occur

Answer 12

A stimulus that will trigger it. Example Male selecting territory that it defends against other males

Question 13

What are the advantages to instinct controlling behavior

Answer 13

It’s very efficient. Thinking about or learning the response may take too much time to respond.

Question 14

What are releasers

Answer 14

Things that focus the animals attention on the relevant signal which will release a preprogrammed fixed action behavior that enable the animal to respond rapidly when speed maybe essential for survival

Question 15

What is the definition of learning

Answer 15

Modification of behavior through experience

Question 16

What are the six types of learning processes

Answer 16

Classical conditioning, instrumental conditioning, habituation, insight learning, imitation, imprinting

Question 17

What does classical conditioning required And how can a neutral stimulus elicit a response

Answer 17

Needs a stimulus that elicits specific response. If a neutral stimulus is associated with the unconditioned stimulus for number of trials the response will eventually be elicited by the neutral stimulus at this point in neutral stimulus is called the conditioned stimulus and the response conditioned response

Question 18

What is operant conditioning

Answer 18

Learning that occurs as a result of the consequences of behavior. Uses a reinforcement structure

Question 19

What is a positive reinforcement

Answer 19

A pleasant stimulus is given when the animal gives the appropriate response. Leads to an increase of the response in the future

Question 20

What is essential for positive reinforcement to work most effectively and rapidly

Answer 20

Timing. Reinforcement must immediately follow the desired behavior. Repetition. Behaviors reinforced every single time. Intermittent reinforcement is used to maintain the response once behavior is learned

Question 21

What is reinforcement

Answer 21

Any stimulus that increases the probability of the behavior proceeding it

Question 22

What’s a primary reinforcer

Answer 22

A reward that is pleasing to the animal. Food, play

Question 23

What is a secondary reinforcer

Answer 23

An indicator that some other reinforcers such as the primary reinforcers on its way

Question 24

What is punishment

Answer 24

Any stimulus change that reduces the probability of the behavior preceding it

Question 25

What is a positive reinforcer/punishment

Answer 25

A stimulus is added to the situation. Delivered following a response

Question 26

Negative reinforcement/punishment

Answer 26

When a stimulus is removed from the situation

Question 27

What is shaping:

Answer 27

Learning technique that uses gradual approximation and allows the animal to be rewarded initially for any behavior that looks like what is desired as the final outcome

Question 28

What is habituation

Answer 28

An elementary form of learning, involves no rewards. Cessation or decrease in a response to a stimulus that is a result of repeated or prolonged exposure to that stimulus. Example puppy to vacuum

Question 29

What is insight learning

Answer 29

The animal makes new associations between previously learned tasks to solve a new problem. Chimps that connects the series of small polls into a longer one to obtain bananas