Basic anatomy

Question 1

Skull is made up of what 2 components

Answer 1

Neurocranium + viscerocranium

Question 2

How many bones make up neurocranium + what are they

Answer 2

8:
2 parietal
2 temporal
1 frontal
1 occipital
1 sphenoid
1 ethmoid

Question 3

How many bones make up viscerocranium + what are they

Answer 3

14:
2 inferior nasal concha
2 lacrimal
2 maxilla
2 palatine
2 zygomatic
2 nasal
1 mandible
1 vomer

Question 4

SCALP layers

Answer 4

Skin
Connective tissue - dense
Aponeurosis of epicranium
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium (periosteum of skull)

Question 5

Why do wounds to scalp bleed profusely

Answer 5

Connective tissue in 2nd layer of scalp prevents vasoconstriction

Question 6

What are emissary veins

Answer 6

Valveless veins that connect outer scalp to inside of cranial cavity, by traversing the dipole (spongy bone between outer and inner compact skull bone)

Question 7

Muscles of facial expression (4)

Answer 7

Orbicularis oculi
Orbicularis oris
Buccinator
Occipitofrontalis

Question 8

Structures that pass through parotid gland (3)

Answer 8

ECA
Retromandibular vein
Facial nerve

Question 9

Sensory innervation to face + anterior scalp

Answer 9

CN V - trigeminal

Question 10

Branches of trigeminal

Answer 10

Ophthalmic - V1
Maxillary - V2
Mandibular - V3

Question 11

Nerve supply of muscles of mastication

Answer 11

CN V

Question 12

Innervation of muscles of facial expression

Answer 12

CN VII - facial

Question 13

What fibres does the facial nerve contain

Answer 13

Motor, special sensory + parasympathetic

Question 14

How are cranial nerves different to spinal nerves

Answer 14

Spinal nerves carry SENSORY, MOTOR + SYMPATHETIC FIBRES

Cranial nerves carry EITHER SENSORY OR MOTOR OR PARASYMPATHETIC FIBRES OR COMBO

Question 15

2 types of sensory fibres carried by cranial nerves

Answer 15

General sensory - touch, temp

Special sensory - vision, hearing, taste

Question 16

What fibres does the optic nerve carry

Answer 16

Sensory only

Question 17

What fibres does CN V carry (2) + what fibres do the branches specifically carry

Answer 17

Mainly general sensory, some motor
V1 - sensory
V2 - sensory
V3 - sensory + motor

Question 18

So where does head and neck get sympathetic supply if cranial nerves don’t carry sympathetic fibres

Answer 18

Post ganglionic fibres from sympathetic chain form a plexus and travel along blood vessels in the head and neck

Question 19

What are the right and left CCAs branches of

Answer 19

Right CCA - branch of brachiocephalic a

Left CCA - branch of aortic arch

Question 20

Where do both CCAs bifurcate + what do they split into

Answer 20

C4

External and internal carotid artery

Question 21

Which CCA branch has branches in the neck

Answer 21

ECA

Question 22

What does ICA supply if It doesn’t branch in the neck

Answer 22

Goes into cranial cavity and supples that

Question 23

What valveless veins drain the cranial cavity

Answer 23

Intracranial/ dural venous sinuses

Question 24

What do intracranial/dural venous sinuses ultimately drain into

Answer 24

IJV

Question 25

What vein drains regions outside cranial cavity

Answer 25

EJV