Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

H and N > Anatomy wk 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy wk 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What bone do the nasal bones articulate with superiorly at the nasion

A

Frontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What process articulates with the nasal bones laterally

A

Frontal process of maxilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The roof of the nose is formed from what 4 bones

A

Nasal
Part of frontal
Ethmoid (containing cribriform plate)
Body of sphenoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What 2 bones form the floor of the nasal cavity

A

Palatine processes of maxilla
Palatine bones

Both form hard palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Floor of the nasal cavity extends posteriorly as what beyond the hard palate

A

Soft palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What 2 bones form the nasal septum

A

Vomer

Perpendicular plate of ethmoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What lies anterior to the vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid to complete the nasal septum

A

Nasal/septal cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What passes through cribriform plate into nasal cavity

A

CN I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What dural fold attaches to the crista gali

A

Falx cerebri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name 5 parts of the ethmoid bone

A 
Cribriform plate
Crista galli
Perpendicular (central) plate
Superior and middle conchae
Ethmoid air cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of epithelium lines the nasal cavity (same as resp mucosa)

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar + goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Roof of nasal cavity is lined by what type of special mucosa

A

Olfactory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Nasal cavity has projections on lateral wall called what (3)

A

Superior turbinate
Middle turbinate
Inferior turbinate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Space inferior to each turbinate/concha is called what

A

Meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name the space above the superior turbinate

A

Sphenoethmoidal recess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Inferior concha is a separate bone from the superior and middle concha, what bones are they made from

A

Superior and middle - ethmoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Nose receives rich arterial supply from branches of what 2 arteries

A

ICA and ECA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What clinical implication does the rich vascular supply of the nose have

A

Epistaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where to press if you have a nose bleed

A

Soft cartilaginous part, not the top bony part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Name branches of ICA and ECA that supply the nose (+sub branches of the branches)

A

ICA:

Ophthalmic a
-Anterior and posterior ethmoidal artery

ECA:

Maxillary artery
-sphenopalatine artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the area called in the nose where 5 arteries anastomose

A

Kiesselbach’s area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

General sensory and special sensory innervation of the nose

A

General - CN V1 & V2

Special - CN I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are paranasal air sinuses

A

Air filled extensions of the resp part of nasal cavity into the cranial bones - frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

2 functions of paranasal air sinuses

A

Humidify inspired air

Reduce weight of skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
5 functions of the nose
``` Traps dirt - immune barrier Airway passage Humidify inspired air Olfaction Drains secretions from nasal mucosa, paranasal air sinuses and nasolacrimal duct ```
26
Nasal cavity is divided into 2 by what in the midline
Nasal septum
27
What does the nasal cavity continue posteriorly as
Nasopharynx
28
What mucosa lines the paranasal air sinuses
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar with goblet cells
29
Clinical significance of the respiratory mucosa lining the nasal cavity also lining the paranasal sinuses
Infection can spread from nasal cavity to the sinuses --> sinusitis Sinuses can also spread infection into orbit or cranial cavity
30
Name the 4 meatuses/recess
Sphenoethmoidal recess Superior meatus Middle meatus Inferior meatus
31
Name the sinuses
Frontal Maxillary Sphenoid Anterior/middle/posterior ethmoid sinus (air cells)
32
What drains into the sphenoethmoidal recess (1)
Sphenoid sinus
33
What drains into the superior meatus (!)
Posterior ethmoidal air cells
34
What drains into the middle meatus (4)
Frontal Maxillary Anterior ethmoidal air cells Middle ethmoidal air cells
35
What drains into the inferior meatus (1)
Nasolacrimal duct
36
Which sinus doesn't drain as well because its opening isn't at its most inferior part
Maxillary
37
Which air sinus' floor is indented by tooth sockets
Maxillary
38
Which cranial nerve are the air sinuses innervated by
CN V
39
Which branch of CN V innervates the frontal sinus
CN V1
40
Which branch of CN V innervates the maxillary sinus
CN V2
41
Which 2 branches of CN V innervate the sphenoid sinus
CN V1 & V2
42
Which branch of CN V innervates the ethmoidal air cells
CN V1
43
Name the 3 parts of the pharynx
Nasopharynx Oropharynx Hypopharynx
44
Is the pharynx complete anteriorly
No
45
What does the pharynx extend from and to
Base of skull to start of oesophagus
46
The pharynx is an entrance for which 2 tracts
GI Respiratory Food and air needs to enter pharynx first before it can go down oesophagus and larynx respectively
47
What bone forms the roof of nasopharynx
Sphenoid
48
Name 2 important things in the nasopharynx
Adenoids (nasopharyngeal tonsils) Orifice of eustachian tube
49
What muscle overlies the opening of the eustachian tube in the nasopharynx
Salpingopharyngeus
50
Other name for eustachian tube
Pharyngotympanic
51
What happens to the adenoids after childhood
They undergo atrophy after puberty usually
52
Why does otitis media often present with throat infection as well
Because Eustachian tube in nasopharynx (pharynx = throat) connects with middle ear
53
Name the different parts of the mandible (8)
``` Body Coronoid process Condylar process (head of mandible) Angle Mandibular notch Mental tubercles Mental protuberance (in the middle of the mental tubercles) Mental spine (on inner chin) ```
54
What are the 2 main foramen in the mandible + what passes through them
Mandibular foramen Mental foramen - mental nerve
55
Name the 2 processes of the mandible
Coronoid (more anterior) Condylar process (head of mandible) - more posterior
56
How many teeth do adults have and how many of each
32: 8 incisors 4 canines 8 premolars 12 molars
57
How many teeth do children have
20: 8 incisors 4 canines 8 molars
58
What type of joint is the temporo-mandibular joint
Modified hinge joint
59
2 articular processes that form the TMJ joint
Condylar process of mandible | Mandibular fossa of temporal bone
60
Name 5 movements of the mandible that occur at the TMJ
``` Elevation (close mouth) Depression (open mouth) Protrusion Retraction Side to side ```
61
What group of muscles act on the TMJ during chewing
Muscles of mastication
62
Name the 4 muscles of mastication
Temporalis Masseter Medial/lateral pterygoid
63
Temporalis muscle shape
Fan shaped muscle on side of head
64
Orientation of the - anterior fibres - posterior fibres of the temporalis
Anterior fibres - vertical Posterior fibres - horizontal
65
Action of the anterior fibres of the temporalis Action of the posterior fibres of the temporalis
Elevate mandible Retract mandible - pull chin inwards
66
Bony attachments of the masseter - proximal - distal
Proximally - zygomatic bone/zygomatic arch Distally - mandible
67
Masseter action
Elevate mandible
68
What bony plate do the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles attach to
Lateral pterygoid plate
69
Lateral pterygoid muscle proximally attaches to... Medial pterygoid muscle proximally attaches to the...
Lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate Medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
70
Where does the lateral pterygoid muscle attach distally Where does the medial pterygoid muscle attach distally
Enters into TMJ and inserts onto the neck of mandible Medial surface of ramus of mandible (inferior to mandibular foramen)
71
Bilateral action of the lateral pterygoids
Protraction of mandible
72
Ipsilateral lateral pterygoid and ipsilateral medial pterygoid contraction causes what action
Mandible swings to contralateral side
73
Bilateral medial pterygoid contraction causes what actions
Elevation of mandible Partial protrusion (lateral pterygoids do most of protrusion)
74
What bony structure are the medial/lateral pterygoid muscles deep to
Zygomatic arch
75
What 3 suprahyoid muscles depress the mandible + what other muscle of mastication depresses
Digastric Geniohyoid Mylohyoid Lateral pterygoid
76
What 3 muscles elevate the mandible
Masseter Medial pterygoids Temporalis
77
What 2 muscles protrude the mandible + which more so
BILATERAL contraction of the lateral pterygoids - more so Bilateral contraction of the medial pterygoids
78
What muscle retracts the mandible
Temporalis (horizontal fibres)
79
What muscles produces side to side movements of the mandible
Unilateral contraction of the ipsilateral medial and lateral pterygoids
80
Innervation of muscle of mastication
CN V3
81
What sensory branch of CN V3 enters the mandibular foramen and provides sensation to the mandibular area
Inferior alveolar
82
Oral cavity is made up of what 2 things
Oral cavity proper | Oral vestibule
83
What is the oral vestibule
Space bounded anteriorly by lips, laterally by cheeks, posteriorly + medially by teeth/gums
84
What muscle lies in the lateral walls of the oral cavity + what nerve is it innervated by
Buccinator Facial
85
Which muscle of facial expression causing closing/pursing of lips
Orbicularis oris
86
Posterior opening of the oral cavity is called what
Oropharyngeal isthmus
87
Roof of mouth (hard palate) formed by what (2)
Bony hard palate - palatine processes of maxilla and horizontal plates of palatine bone
88
Name the 5 muscles of the soft palate (can't distinguish visually)
``` Tensor veli palatini Levator veli palatini Palatoglossus Palatopharyngeus Musculus uvulae ```
89
Innervation of soft palate muscles apart from one (+ name its innervation)
CN X EXCEPT TENSOR VELI PALATINI - innervated by branch of CN V3
90
Collective action of soft palate muscles
Elevate soft palate posteriorly against posterior wall of pharynx to close off nasopharynx and prevent food regurgitating out of nose
91
Anterior boundary of the oropharynx
Right and left palatoglossal arches (anterior pillars of the fauces)
92
Contents of oropharynx
Palatine tonsils (oropharyngeal tonsils)
93
BOUNDARIES of oral cavity (anterior, posterior, superior, inferior, lateral)
``` Anterior - lips Posteriorly - right and left palatoglossal arches Superior - hard/soft palate Inferior - floor of mouth Lateral - buccal mucosa ```
94
What muscles make the palatoglossal arch and palatopharyngeal arch + what are the muscles covered by to from the arch
Palatoglossus Palatopharyngeus Folds of mucosa
95
What 2 arches do the oropharyngeal tonsils sit between anteriorly and posteriorly
Anteriorly - palatoglossal arch Posteriorly - palatopharyngeal arch
96
What tissue makes up the adenoids, oropharyngeal tonsils, lingual tonsils
Lymphoid
97
What lymphoid tissue is present on the tongue
Lingual tonsils
98
Tongue formed of what muscle
Skeletal
99
3 functions of tongue
Move food during chewing + swallowing Taste Speech
100
Tongue divided into 2 parts, separated by a sulcus called...
Anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 Terminal sulcus
101
Name the foramen in the posterior 1/3 tongue + the embryological significance of it
Foramen caecum Non-functional remnant of the thyroglossal duct from which the thyroid gland developed
102
Anterior 2/3 of tongue has surface projections called what
Papillae
103
Name the 4 types of papillae + which most abundant +which doesn't have taste buds
Filiform - most abundant, no taste buds Foliate Vallate (circumvallate) Fungiform
104
Posterior 1/3 tongue doesn't have papillae but has what surface projections
Lingual tonsils
105
Name the fold of mucous membrane that fixes tongue to floor of mouth
Frenulum
106
General + special sensory innervation of anterior 2/3 tongue
General - lingual nerve (branch of CN V3) Special - chord tympani (branch of CN VII)
107
General + special sensory innervation of posterior 1/3 tongue
General - CN IX Special - CN IX
108
2 types of muscles in the tongue + their actions
Intrinsic muscles - change shape + size of tongue Extrinsic muscles - change position + direction of tongue
109
Intrinsic tongue muscles attachment - origin - insertion
Originate and insert within tongue
110
Extrinsic tongue muscles attachment - origin - insertion
Originate in tongue and attach to surrounding bones or soft palate
111
Where are intrinsic muscles of the tongue concentrated in
Superficial part of tongue
112
Name the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue
Genioglossus Hyoglossus Styloglossus Palatoglossus
113
2 actions of genioglossus
Protrude tongue | Depress tongue centrally
114
2 actions of hyoglossus
Depresses + Retracts tongue
115
2 actions of styloglossus
Retracts + elevates sides of the tongue (i.e. curls it)
116
Action of palatoglossus (also a muscle of the soft palate)
Elevates posterior tongue - to narrow nasopharynx when swallowing
117
If nerve innervating right hyoglossus damaged, resulting in muscle paralysis, which side would the tongue deviate to if patient was asked to protrude tongue
Deviates to paralysed side so the right in this case because left genioglossus unaffected
118
All intrinsic and extrinsic muscles are the tongue are innervated by what + except which muscle (+its innervation)
CN XII | Except palatoglossus innervated by CN X
119
What muscle divides the submandibular gland into superficial and deep part
Mylohyoid
120
Number of submandibular vs sublingual duct(s)
1 submandibular duct Several sublingual ducts
121
Innervation of parotid gland
Parasympathetic fibres in CN IX
122
Innervation of submandibular gland
Parasympathetic fibres in CN VII
123
Innervation of sublingual gland
Parasympathetic fibres in CN VII
124
What is the larynx continuous with superiorly
Pharynx
125
What is the larynx continuous with inferiorly
Trachea
126
Name the 3 parts of the larynx
Supraglottis Glottis = vocal cords Subglottis
127
Name the cartilages of the larynx (3 single + 3 paired)
Cricoid cartilage Thyroid cartilage Epiglottis Paired arytenoid cartilages Paired corniculate cartilages Paired cuneiform cartilages
128
What forms the Adam's apple
Prominence of thyroid cartilage
129
Which cartilage of the larynx is a complete ring shaped cartilage
Cricoid
130
What membrane connects the hyoid bone with the thyroid cartilage
Thyrohyoid membrane
131
What ligament connects the anterior parts of the thyroid and cricoid cartilage
Cricothyroid ligament
132
What ligament is inferior to the vocal cords and sometimes pierced in emergency situations to maintain airway
Cricothyroid ligament
133
Name the 4 parts that form the laryngeal inlet
Epiglottis anteriorly Aryepiglottic folds laterally Arytenoid cartilages Inter-arytenoid muscle
134
Name the 3 parts of the lumen of the larynx + describe what they area
Vestibule - between laryngeal inlet and vestibular fold (false vocal cord) Central cavity - middle part between vestibular fold and vocal fold (true vocal cord) Infraglottic cavity - lower part between true vocal cord and lower border of cricoid cartilage
135
What do intrinsic muscles of the larynx do
Regulate movement of vocal cords and control diameter of laryngeal inlet
136
Name the lateral spaces between the vestibular and vocal fold
Laeryngeal ventricle
137
Innervation of intrinsic muscles of larynx + except which one (+its innervation)
Recurrent laryngeal nerve (branch of CN X) Cricothyroid - superior laryngeal nerve (branch of CN X)
138
Signs of recurrent laryngeal nerve damage
Hoarseness | Vocal cord paralysis
139
Sensory innervation to mucous membrane of larynx
CN X
140
In normal respiration, vocal folds are...
Abducted
141
In rapid breathing, vocal folds are...
Fully abudcted
142
In speaking/singing, vocal folds are...
Adducted
143
All intrinsic muscles of the larynx adduct the vocal cords apart from which (it abducts)
Posterior cricoarytenoid (ONLY MUSCLE THAT ABDUCTS VOCAL CORDS)
144
Roof of nasopharynx formed by what 2 bones
Sphenoid and occipital
145
Laryngopharynx (hypopharynx) lies where in relation to larynx
Posterior to laryngeal inlet/posterior surface of larynx
146
Name the 3 layers of the pharynx
Outer muscular layer Middle fibrous layer Inner mucous membrane
147
What 3 muscles form the outer circular layer (subdivision) of the outer muscular layer of the pharynx
Superior/middle/inferior constrictor muscles
148
What 2 layers is the outer muscular layer of the pharynx further divided into
Outer circular layer | Inner longitudinal layer
149
What 3 muscles form the inner longitudinal layer (pharyngeal elevators) of the outer muscular layer of the pharynx
Stylopharyngeus Salpingopharyngeus Palatopharyngeus
150
Innervation of pharynx
Pharyngeal plexus (CN IX & X)
151
Which nerve of pharyngeal plexus is sensory to pharynx + which is motor
CN IX CN X
152
CN X innervates all pharyngeal muscles except which (+its innervation)
Stylopharyngeus - CN IX
153
Action of constrictor muscles of pharynx
Constrict walls of pharynx to propel food bolus into oesophagus
154
Actions of inner longitudinal layer of muscles of pharynx
Elevate larynx | shorten + widen pharynx
155
What is the pharyngeal lymphoid ring (Waldeyer's ring) + what makes it up
Collection of lymphoid tissue protecting entrance to oropharynx - oropharyngeal (palatine) tonsils, adenoids, lingual tonsils, tubal tonsils
156
Purpose of waldeyer's ring
Barrier to infection

H and N (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions