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H and N > Anatomy & Physiology of Throat > Flashcards

Anatomy & Physiology of Throat Flashcards

1
Q

Oral cavity consists of 2 parts

A

Oral vestibule

Oral cavity proper

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2
Q

Boundaries of oral vestibule

  • anteriorly
  • laterally
  • posteriorly
A

Anterior - lips
Laterally - buccal mucosa
Posterior - gums/teeth

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3
Q

Oral cavity proper boundaries

  • superiorly
  • laterally
  • inferiorly
A

Superiorly - palate
Laterally - cheeks
Inferiorly - floor of mouth

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4
Q

What is the oral cavity continuous with posteriorly and where does this happen at

A

Oropharynx at the oropharyngeal isthmus

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5
Q

Boundaries of general oral cavity

  • anterior
  • lateral
  • superior
  • inferior
A

Anterior - lips
Laterally - buccal mucosa (cheeks)
Superiorly - palate
Inferiorly - floor of mouth

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6
Q

Where does parotid duct open into

A

Pierces the buccinator muscle and opens into upper oral cavity on the inner surface of the cheek, opposite the upper second molar

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7
Q

The floor of the mouth consists of what 4 things

A

Muscular diaphragm
Geniohyoid muscles
Tongue
Salivary glands (submandibular/sublingual) + ducts

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8
Q

What’s the different between the duct of the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

A

Submandibular gland has one duct whereas sublingual has several ducts

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9
Q

Tongue is split into 2 parts

A

Anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3

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10
Q

Sensory innervation of the oral cavity

A

V2 & V3 branch of trigeminal

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11
Q

Sensory innervation (describe general and special sensory) of anterior 2/3 tongue (2)

A

General sensory - Lingual nerve (branch of V3)

Special sensory - Taste innervation by chorda tympani (branch of CN VII)

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12
Q

Anterior 2/3 tongue is formed by what branchial arch

A

1st

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13
Q

GENERAL + SPECIAL sensory innervation of posterior 1/3 tongue (1)

A

Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

- both general and special sensory

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14
Q

Dorsal surface of tongue is made of what epithelium

A

Stratified squamous

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15
Q

4 types of papillae present on dorsal surface of tongue

A

Filiform
Fungiform
Folliate
Circumvallate/vallate

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16
Q

Which 3 types of papillae contain taste buds

A

Fungiform, folliate and circumvallate

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17
Q

What do intrinsic muscles of tongue do

A

Alter shape and size

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18
Q

What do extrinsic muscles of tongue do

A

Alter position and direction

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19
Q

Name the extrinsic muscles of tongue (4)

A

Genioglossus
Styloglossus
Hypoglossus
Palatoglossus

20
Q

Innervation of extrinsic and intrinsic tongue muscles

A

Hypoglossal (CN XII)

EXCEPT PALATOGLOSSUS - innervated by pharyngeal plexus

21
Q

What attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth

A

Frenulum

22
Q

Oral cavity functions + what in the oral cavity allows each function (5)

A

Taste - by tongue

Mastication - by teeth + tongue

Swallowing - by tongue + hard/soft palate

Digestion - by salivary enzymes

Speech - by tongue, cheek + lips

23
Q

4 muscles of mastication

A

Masseter
Temporalis
Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid

24
Q

Innervation of muscles of mastication

A

CN V3

25
Q

Collective function of muscles of mastication

A

Act on TMJ to assist chewing/grinding of food by teeth, tongue and cheek

26
Q

Where is the oropharynx + lined by what epithelium

A

Behind oral cavity

Stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium

27
Q

What ring does the oropharynx contain

A

Waldeyer’s ring (adenoids, palatine tonsils, lingual tonsils, tubal tonsils)

28
Q

Boundaries of the oropharynx (5)

  • anterior
  • posterior
  • superior
  • inferior
  • lateral
A 
Anterior - Palatoglossal arch
Posterior - posterior pharyngeal wall
Superior - lower border of soft palate
Inferior - upper margin of epiglottis
Lateral - palatine tonsils
29
Q

Sensory + motor innervation of oropharynx

A

Pharyngeal plexus (CN IX - X)

30
Q

Where is the hypopharynx

A

Behind the larynx, below oropharynx

31
Q

Boundaries of the hypopharynx

  • superior
  • inferior
  • anterior
A

Superior - upper margin of epiglottis
Inferior - lower border of cricoid cartilage
Anterior - posterior wall of larynx

32
Q

Hypopharynx is divided into what 3 things

A

Pyriform sinus
Post cricoid area
Posterior pharyngeal wall

33
Q

Sensory + motor innervation of hypopharynx

A

Pharyngeal plexus

34
Q

Larynx is made up of how many cartilages + name them

A

9 (3 single + 3 paired):

Cricoid
Thyroid
Epiglottis
Paired arytenoids
Paired corniculates
Paired cuneiforms
35
Q

What are the components of the larynx (4)

A

Cartilage, ligaments, muscles and mucous membrane

36
Q

What do the extrinsic muscles of the larynx do

A

Move the larynx superiorly/inferiorly

37
Q

What do the intrinsic muscles of the larynx do

A

Regulate movement of vocal cords (regulate sound production)

38
Q

3 functions of larynx

A

Air passage into lungs
Produces voice
Assists in swallowing

39
Q

3 components of larynx

A

Supraglottis
Glottis (vocal cords)
Subglottis

40
Q

Motor innervation of larynx (i.e. intrinsic muscles of larynx) + exception of this (i.e. which intrinsic muscle innervated by something else)

A

Reccurent laryngeal nerve (branch of CN X)

EXCEPT CRICOTHYROID - innervated by external laryngeal nerve (branch of superior laryngeal which is also branch of CN X)

41
Q

Sensory innervation of larynx (2)

  • supraglottis
  • glottis/subglottis
A

Supraglottis - internal laryngeal nerve (branch of superior laryngeal which is brach of CN X)

Glottis + subglottis - recurrent laryngeal nerve (direct branch of CN X)

42
Q

5 principles of voice production (speech)

A 
Respiration
Phonation
Resonation
Articulation
Prosody
43
Q

How is respiration involved in voice production

A

Provides air flow which is the source of energy for speech

44
Q

What is prosody in terms of voice production

A

Rhythm, stress and tone of speech

45
Q

How is prosody involved in voice production

A

Produces different rhythm, emphasis and tone of voice

H and N (14 decks)

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