Anatomy & Physiology of Throat Flashcards
Oral cavity consists of 2 parts
Oral vestibule
Oral cavity proper
Boundaries of oral vestibule
- anteriorly
- laterally
- posteriorly
Anterior - lips
Laterally - buccal mucosa
Posterior - gums/teeth
Oral cavity proper boundaries
- superiorly
- laterally
- inferiorly
Superiorly - palate
Laterally - cheeks
Inferiorly - floor of mouth
What is the oral cavity continuous with posteriorly and where does this happen at
Oropharynx at the oropharyngeal isthmus
Boundaries of general oral cavity
- anterior
- lateral
- superior
- inferior
Anterior - lips
Laterally - buccal mucosa (cheeks)
Superiorly - palate
Inferiorly - floor of mouth
Where does parotid duct open into
Pierces the buccinator muscle and opens into upper oral cavity on the inner surface of the cheek, opposite the upper second molar
The floor of the mouth consists of what 4 things
Muscular diaphragm
Geniohyoid muscles
Tongue
Salivary glands (submandibular/sublingual) + ducts
What’s the different between the duct of the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
Submandibular gland has one duct whereas sublingual has several ducts
Tongue is split into 2 parts
Anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3
Sensory innervation of the oral cavity
V2 & V3 branch of trigeminal
Sensory innervation (describe general and special sensory) of anterior 2/3 tongue (2)
General sensory - Lingual nerve (branch of V3)
Special sensory - Taste innervation by chorda tympani (branch of CN VII)
Anterior 2/3 tongue is formed by what branchial arch
1st
GENERAL + SPECIAL sensory innervation of posterior 1/3 tongue (1)
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
- both general and special sensory
Dorsal surface of tongue is made of what epithelium
Stratified squamous
4 types of papillae present on dorsal surface of tongue
Filiform
Fungiform
Folliate
Circumvallate/vallate
Which 3 types of papillae contain taste buds
Fungiform, folliate and circumvallate
What do intrinsic muscles of tongue do
Alter shape and size
What do extrinsic muscles of tongue do
Alter position and direction
Name the extrinsic muscles of tongue (4)
Genioglossus
Styloglossus
Hypoglossus
Palatoglossus
Innervation of extrinsic and intrinsic tongue muscles
Hypoglossal (CN XII)
EXCEPT PALATOGLOSSUS - innervated by pharyngeal plexus
What attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth
Frenulum
Oral cavity functions + what in the oral cavity allows each function (5)
Taste - by tongue
Mastication - by teeth + tongue
Swallowing - by tongue + hard/soft palate
Digestion - by salivary enzymes
Speech - by tongue, cheek + lips
4 muscles of mastication
Masseter
Temporalis
Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid
Innervation of muscles of mastication
CN V3
Collective function of muscles of mastication
Act on TMJ to assist chewing/grinding of food by teeth, tongue and cheek
Where is the oropharynx + lined by what epithelium
Behind oral cavity
Stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium
What ring does the oropharynx contain
Waldeyer’s ring (adenoids, palatine tonsils, lingual tonsils, tubal tonsils)
Boundaries of the oropharynx (5)
- anterior
- posterior
- superior
- inferior
- lateral
Anterior - Palatoglossal arch Posterior - posterior pharyngeal wall Superior - lower border of soft palate Inferior - upper margin of epiglottis Lateral - palatine tonsils
Sensory + motor innervation of oropharynx
Pharyngeal plexus (CN IX - X)
Where is the hypopharynx
Behind the larynx, below oropharynx
Boundaries of the hypopharynx
- superior
- inferior
- anterior
Superior - upper margin of epiglottis
Inferior - lower border of cricoid cartilage
Anterior - posterior wall of larynx
Hypopharynx is divided into what 3 things
Pyriform sinus
Post cricoid area
Posterior pharyngeal wall
Sensory + motor innervation of hypopharynx
Pharyngeal plexus
Larynx is made up of how many cartilages + name them
9 (3 single + 3 paired):
Cricoid Thyroid Epiglottis Paired arytenoids Paired corniculates Paired cuneiforms
What are the components of the larynx (4)
Cartilage, ligaments, muscles and mucous membrane
What do the extrinsic muscles of the larynx do
Move the larynx superiorly/inferiorly
What do the intrinsic muscles of the larynx do
Regulate movement of vocal cords (regulate sound production)
3 functions of larynx
Air passage into lungs
Produces voice
Assists in swallowing
3 components of larynx
Supraglottis
Glottis (vocal cords)
Subglottis
Motor innervation of larynx (i.e. intrinsic muscles of larynx) + exception of this (i.e. which intrinsic muscle innervated by something else)
Reccurent laryngeal nerve (branch of CN X)
EXCEPT CRICOTHYROID - innervated by external laryngeal nerve (branch of superior laryngeal which is also branch of CN X)
Sensory innervation of larynx (2)
- supraglottis
- glottis/subglottis
Supraglottis - internal laryngeal nerve (branch of superior laryngeal which is brach of CN X)
Glottis + subglottis - recurrent laryngeal nerve (direct branch of CN X)
5 principles of voice production (speech)
Respiration Phonation Resonation Articulation Prosody
How is respiration involved in voice production
Provides air flow which is the source of energy for speech
What is prosody in terms of voice production
Rhythm, stress and tone of speech
How is prosody involved in voice production
Produces different rhythm, emphasis and tone of voice
