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Ling 314 > Basic Anatomy > Flashcards

Basic Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main anatomical planes?

A
  • Coronal (Frontal)
  • Sagittal
  • Transverse
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2
Q

What are the orientations of the coronal plane?

A
  • Anterior
  • Posterior
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3
Q

What are the orientations of the sagittal plane?

A
  • Medial
  • Lateral
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4
Q

What are the orientations of the transverse plane?

A
  • Superior
  • Inferior
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5
Q

What is the Frankfurt plane?

A

The anatomical position of the human skull

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6
Q

Where does the Frankfurt plane pass through?

A

Plane passing through inferior margin of the left orbit and the upper margin of each ear canal

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7
Q

What are six relative orientations?

A
  • proximal
  • distal
  • ventral
  • dorsal
  • rostral
  • caudal
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8
Q

What does proximal refer to?

A

towards centre/body/“root”

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9
Q

What does distal refer to?

A

away from centre/body/“root”

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10
Q

What does ventral refer to?

A

towards the belly

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11
Q

What does dorsal refer to?

A

towards back (dorsal fin on the back)

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12
Q

What does rostral refer to?

A

towards the beak/nose

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13
Q

What does caudal refer to?

A

towards the tail

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14
Q

On bipeds, which anatomical orientations are nearly equivalent?

A
  • posterior/dorsal
  • anterior/ventral
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15
Q

On bipeds, what does the rostral/caudal plane look like?

A

curved (see image 1.1)

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16
Q

What anatomical orientation is behind the rostral/caudal plane?

A

drosal

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17
Q

What anatomical orientation is in front the rostral/caudal plane?

A

ventral

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18
Q

What is tissue?

A

Cells within a matrix with a similar structure that perform a common function

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19
Q

What is a matrix?

A

Intercellular material that differs tissue to tissue

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20
Q

What are the four types of tissue?

A
  • Epithelial
  • Connective
  • Nervous (chapter 3)
  • Muscular (chapter 4)
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21
Q

What is epithelial tissue?

A

Tightly packed cells with very little matrix

22
Q

What is composed of epithelial tissue?

A
  • body’s surface
  • small tubes and ducts in the body
  • lining of hollow organs and cavities
23
Q

What are the function of epithelial tissue?

A
  • Protection
  • Absorption & filtration
  • Excretions & secretion
  • Sensation
24
Q

What are the cell shapes of epithelial tissue?

A
  • Squamous
  • Cuboidal
  • Columnar
25
Q

What is squamous epithelial tissue?

A
  • a single layer of cells (skin)
  • looks like outside brick work
26
Q

What are the number of layer epithelial tissue has?

A
  • simple
  • stratifies
27
Q

What is connective tissue?

A

Cells with more matrix than cellular material

28
Q

What are some of the types of different connective tissue?

A
  • fibrous (ex. ligaments, tendons)
  • cartilage
  • bone
  • blood
  • adipose tissue (a.k.a fat!)
29
Q

What is the matrix of bone?

A

salts

30
Q

What is the matrix of blood?

A

water

31
Q

What are the functions of connective tissue?

A
  • Fixation & support
  • Protection
  • Energy reserve
  • Transportation of fluids and other substances
32
Q

What is fibrous connective tissue?

A

Strong, dense, highly organized fibres

33
Q

What does fibrous connective tissue contain?

A
  • collagen (structure, strength, flexibility)
  • elastin (stretch, recoil, flexibility)
34
Q

What are tendons?

A

connect muscle to bone or muscles to structures

35
Q

What are ligaments?

A

connect bone to cartilage, cartilage to bone, cartilage to cartilage

36
Q

What function do tendons serve?

A

move the bone or structure

37
Q

What is aponeurosis?

A

A broad, sheet-like tendon composed of many layers

38
Q

What parts of the body are covered by aponeurosis?

A
  • muscles
  • top of the head
  • diaphragm
  • lines of six pack
39
Q

What is the function of aponeurosis?

A

A muscle attachment to move the bone or structure

40
Q

What is the function of ligaments?

A

To hold structures together and keep them stable

41
Q

Are ligaments slightly elastic?

A

yes, they stretch under tension

42
Q

What is the anatomical name bones?

A

osseous

43
Q

What are the anatomical names for cartilage?

A
  • cartilaginous
  • chondral
44
Q

What is the muscle name composition?

A

origin-insertion

45
Q

What is the origin?

A

the part that does not move when muscle contracts

46
Q

What is the insertion?

A

the part that does move when muscle contracts

47
Q

What is temporal resolution?

A

Number of samples per unit of time

48
Q

What is spatial resolution?

A

Amount of information per sample

49
Q

When to use temporal resolution?

A

When trying to find out the WHEN

50
Q

When to use spatial resolution?

A

When trying to find out the WHY

Ling 314 (10 decks)

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