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Musculoskeletal Anatomy > Basic Anatomical Terms, Tissues > Flashcards

Basic Anatomical Terms, Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Axial

A 
Head (skull)
Neck (Cervical region)
Trunk
  -Thorax (Clavical - diaphragm
  -Abdomen (Diaphragm - pevlis)
  -Pelvis (Innominates & Sacrum)
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2
Q

Appendicular

A

Upper Extremity

Lower Extremity

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3
Q

Tissues

A

Group of similar cells and extracellular matrix which serve specific function.

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4
Q

4 Types of Tissues

A

Muscle
Connective
Epithelial
Nervous

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5
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

Lines internal and external surfaces.

Protects other tissues and regulate movement into and out of other tissues.

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6
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

Types

  • Smooth
  • Skeletal
  • Cardiac

Generates force
Striated appearance.

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7
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

Carries information.

Regulates and controls bodily functions and activity.

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8
Q

Connective Tissue

A

All connective tissue contation protien fibers.

Definition: Cells and extracellular matrix that attaches (connects), anchors, and/or protects other tissue.

Matrix (what its made of) plays a very important role.

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9
Q

Connective Tissue Different Protein (Matrix’s)

A

Collagen
Elastic
Reticular

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10
Q

Collagen

A

Made from collagen in tri-helical structure, well-organized, RESIST TENSILE LOADS (VERY LITTLE STRETCH).

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11
Q

Elastic

A

Made from elastin, has the ability to stretch, devlop tension and RETURNS TO ORIGINAL LENGTH.

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12
Q

Reticular

A

Made from collagen fibrils (small fibers), poorly organized.

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13
Q

4 Types of Connective Tissue

A

Bone
Fibrous
Cartilage
Blood

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14
Q

Mesenchyme

A

Embryological origin of all connective tissue. It is unspecialized.

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15
Q

-blast

A

Makes or builds

ex.) Fibroblast make fibrocytes

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16
Q

-cyte

A

Maintains and repairs. Cytes have extracellular matrix around them?

17
Q

Fibrous Connective Tissue Types

A

Loose

Dense

18
Q

Loose Fibrous Connective Tissue

A 
The most abundant connective tissue in the body
Mostly Collagen
"Filler Tissue"
Hols Vessels and nerves
Poorly Organized
Found in subcutaneous areas
19
Q

Types of Loose Fibrous Connective Tissues

A

Aerolar
Adipose
Reticular

20
Q

Loose Fibrous Aerolar Connective Tissue

A

Type of Loose Fibrous Connective Tissue

Gel-like matrix with all three fiber type; cells: fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells and some WBC.

Function: Wraps and cushions organs. Plays and important role is inflammation.

Located: Widely distributed under epithelia of body. Forms lamina propia of mucous membrane, packages organs; surrounds capillaries.

21
Q

Loose Fibrous Adipose Connective Tissue

A

Closely packed, fat cells.

Function: Provides reserve food fuel. Insulates, cushions, supports and protects organs.

Location: Under the skin; around kidneys and eyeballs; within abdomen; in breast.

22
Q

Loose Fibrous Reticular Connective Tissue

A

Network of reticular fibers in a typical loose ground substance; reticular cells lie on the network.

Function: The fibers form a soft internal skeleton (Stroma) that supports other cell types including WBCs, mast cells and macrophages.

Located: Lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow and spleen.

23
Q

Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue

A

Primarily collagen

Various amount of organization in arrangement.

24
Q

Types of Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue

A

Regular
Irregular
Elastic

25
Q

Dense Regular Fibrous Connective Tissue

A

Primarily parallel collagen fibers; a few elastin fibers; major cell type is the FIBROBLAST. It is WELL ORGANIZED.

Function: Attached muscles to bone or to muscle; Attaches bones to bones; withstand GREAT TENSILE STRESS when pulling force is applied in one direction.

Location: Tendons, Ligaments and Aponeuroses

26
Q

Dense Irregular Fibrous Connective Tissue

A

Primarily irregularly arranged collagen fibers; some elastic fibers; major cell type is the FIBROBLAST.

Function: Able to withstand tension exerted in many directions; provides structural strength.

Location: Dermis of the skin; submucosa of digestive tract; fibrous capsules of organs and of joint

27
Q

Dense Elastic Fibrous Connective Tissue

A

Abundance of elastic fibers
The key to elastic connective tissue is that it stretches and then returns back to its original shape.

Location: Artery walls, Trachea and Some ligaments of the spine.

28
Q

3 Types of Cartilage

A

Hyalin
Fibrocartilage
Elastic Cartilage

29
Q

Hyalin Cartilage

A

Also called the articular cartilage (Found at the joints, ends of bones)

Embryonic precursor to bone

It Forms Synchondroses (almost immovable joints between bones bound by a layer of cartilage, as in the vertebrae.

The strongest types of cartilage: 40% collagen, 60% gel (proteoglycan)

30
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Forms fibrocartilage pads (meniscus), symphses (like the pubic sympysis, unlike synchondroses, symphses are permanent).

Mostly made up of collagen. 70% Collagen, 10% elastic, 20% gel (proteoglycan).

31
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

Mostly elastin

Found in epiglottis, outer ears, not in joints.

32
Q

DO bone and Blood

A

Do the cards

Musculoskeletal Anatomy (9 decks)

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