Basic Anatomical Terms, Tissues Flashcards
Axial
Head (skull) Neck (Cervical region) Trunk -Thorax (Clavical - diaphragm -Abdomen (Diaphragm - pevlis) -Pelvis (Innominates & Sacrum)
Appendicular
Upper Extremity
Lower Extremity
Tissues
Group of similar cells and extracellular matrix which serve specific function.
4 Types of Tissues
Muscle
Connective
Epithelial
Nervous
Epithelial Tissue
Lines internal and external surfaces.
Protects other tissues and regulate movement into and out of other tissues.
Muscle Tissue
Types
- Smooth
- Skeletal
- Cardiac
Generates force
Striated appearance.
Nervous Tissue
Carries information.
Regulates and controls bodily functions and activity.
Connective Tissue
All connective tissue contation protien fibers.
Definition: Cells and extracellular matrix that attaches (connects), anchors, and/or protects other tissue.
Matrix (what its made of) plays a very important role.
Connective Tissue Different Protein (Matrix’s)
Collagen
Elastic
Reticular
Collagen
Made from collagen in tri-helical structure, well-organized, RESIST TENSILE LOADS (VERY LITTLE STRETCH).
Elastic
Made from elastin, has the ability to stretch, devlop tension and RETURNS TO ORIGINAL LENGTH.
Reticular
Made from collagen fibrils (small fibers), poorly organized.
4 Types of Connective Tissue
Bone
Fibrous
Cartilage
Blood
Mesenchyme
Embryological origin of all connective tissue. It is unspecialized.
-blast
Makes or builds
ex.) Fibroblast make fibrocytes
-cyte
Maintains and repairs. Cytes have extracellular matrix around them?
Fibrous Connective Tissue Types
Loose
Dense
Loose Fibrous Connective Tissue
The most abundant connective tissue in the body Mostly Collagen "Filler Tissue" Hols Vessels and nerves Poorly Organized Found in subcutaneous areas
Types of Loose Fibrous Connective Tissues
Aerolar
Adipose
Reticular
Loose Fibrous Aerolar Connective Tissue
Type of Loose Fibrous Connective Tissue
Gel-like matrix with all three fiber type; cells: fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells and some WBC.
Function: Wraps and cushions organs. Plays and important role is inflammation.
Located: Widely distributed under epithelia of body. Forms lamina propia of mucous membrane, packages organs; surrounds capillaries.
Loose Fibrous Adipose Connective Tissue
Closely packed, fat cells.
Function: Provides reserve food fuel. Insulates, cushions, supports and protects organs.
Location: Under the skin; around kidneys and eyeballs; within abdomen; in breast.
Loose Fibrous Reticular Connective Tissue
Network of reticular fibers in a typical loose ground substance; reticular cells lie on the network.
Function: The fibers form a soft internal skeleton (Stroma) that supports other cell types including WBCs, mast cells and macrophages.
Located: Lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow and spleen.
Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue
Primarily collagen
Various amount of organization in arrangement.
Types of Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue
Regular
Irregular
Elastic
Dense Regular Fibrous Connective Tissue
Primarily parallel collagen fibers; a few elastin fibers; major cell type is the FIBROBLAST. It is WELL ORGANIZED.
Function: Attached muscles to bone or to muscle; Attaches bones to bones; withstand GREAT TENSILE STRESS when pulling force is applied in one direction.
Location: Tendons, Ligaments and Aponeuroses
Dense Irregular Fibrous Connective Tissue
Primarily irregularly arranged collagen fibers; some elastic fibers; major cell type is the FIBROBLAST.
Function: Able to withstand tension exerted in many directions; provides structural strength.
Location: Dermis of the skin; submucosa of digestive tract; fibrous capsules of organs and of joint
Dense Elastic Fibrous Connective Tissue
Abundance of elastic fibers
The key to elastic connective tissue is that it stretches and then returns back to its original shape.
Location: Artery walls, Trachea and Some ligaments of the spine.
3 Types of Cartilage
Hyalin
Fibrocartilage
Elastic Cartilage
Hyalin Cartilage
Also called the articular cartilage (Found at the joints, ends of bones)
Embryonic precursor to bone
It Forms Synchondroses (almost immovable joints between bones bound by a layer of cartilage, as in the vertebrae.
The strongest types of cartilage: 40% collagen, 60% gel (proteoglycan)
Fibrocartilage
Forms fibrocartilage pads (meniscus), symphses (like the pubic sympysis, unlike synchondroses, symphses are permanent).
Mostly made up of collagen. 70% Collagen, 10% elastic, 20% gel (proteoglycan).
Elastic Cartilage
Mostly elastin
Found in epiglottis, outer ears, not in joints.
DO bone and Blood
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