Basic Anatomical Terms, Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Axial

A
Head (skull)
Neck (Cervical region)
Trunk
  -Thorax (Clavical - diaphragm
  -Abdomen (Diaphragm - pevlis)
  -Pelvis (Innominates & Sacrum)
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2
Q

Appendicular

A

Upper Extremity

Lower Extremity

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3
Q

Tissues

A

Group of similar cells and extracellular matrix which serve specific function.

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4
Q

4 Types of Tissues

A

Muscle
Connective
Epithelial
Nervous

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5
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

Lines internal and external surfaces.

Protects other tissues and regulate movement into and out of other tissues.

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6
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

Types

  • Smooth
  • Skeletal
  • Cardiac

Generates force
Striated appearance.

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7
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

Carries information.

Regulates and controls bodily functions and activity.

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8
Q

Connective Tissue

A

All connective tissue contation protien fibers.

Definition: Cells and extracellular matrix that attaches (connects), anchors, and/or protects other tissue.

Matrix (what its made of) plays a very important role.

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9
Q

Connective Tissue Different Protein (Matrix’s)

A

Collagen
Elastic
Reticular

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10
Q

Collagen

A

Made from collagen in tri-helical structure, well-organized, RESIST TENSILE LOADS (VERY LITTLE STRETCH).

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11
Q

Elastic

A

Made from elastin, has the ability to stretch, devlop tension and RETURNS TO ORIGINAL LENGTH.

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12
Q

Reticular

A

Made from collagen fibrils (small fibers), poorly organized.

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13
Q

4 Types of Connective Tissue

A

Bone
Fibrous
Cartilage
Blood

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14
Q

Mesenchyme

A

Embryological origin of all connective tissue. It is unspecialized.

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15
Q

-blast

A

Makes or builds

ex.) Fibroblast make fibrocytes

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16
Q

-cyte

A

Maintains and repairs. Cytes have extracellular matrix around them?

17
Q

Fibrous Connective Tissue Types

A

Loose

Dense

18
Q

Loose Fibrous Connective Tissue

A
The most abundant connective tissue in the body
Mostly Collagen
"Filler Tissue"
Hols Vessels and nerves
Poorly Organized
Found in subcutaneous areas
19
Q

Types of Loose Fibrous Connective Tissues

A

Aerolar
Adipose
Reticular

20
Q

Loose Fibrous Aerolar Connective Tissue

A

Type of Loose Fibrous Connective Tissue

Gel-like matrix with all three fiber type; cells: fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells and some WBC.

Function: Wraps and cushions organs. Plays and important role is inflammation.

Located: Widely distributed under epithelia of body. Forms lamina propia of mucous membrane, packages organs; surrounds capillaries.

21
Q

Loose Fibrous Adipose Connective Tissue

A

Closely packed, fat cells.

Function: Provides reserve food fuel. Insulates, cushions, supports and protects organs.

Location: Under the skin; around kidneys and eyeballs; within abdomen; in breast.

22
Q

Loose Fibrous Reticular Connective Tissue

A

Network of reticular fibers in a typical loose ground substance; reticular cells lie on the network.

Function: The fibers form a soft internal skeleton (Stroma) that supports other cell types including WBCs, mast cells and macrophages.

Located: Lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow and spleen.

23
Q

Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue

A

Primarily collagen

Various amount of organization in arrangement.

24
Q

Types of Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue

A

Regular
Irregular
Elastic

25
Dense Regular Fibrous Connective Tissue
Primarily parallel collagen fibers; a few elastin fibers; major cell type is the FIBROBLAST. It is WELL ORGANIZED. Function: Attached muscles to bone or to muscle; Attaches bones to bones; withstand GREAT TENSILE STRESS when pulling force is applied in one direction. Location: Tendons, Ligaments and Aponeuroses
26
Dense Irregular Fibrous Connective Tissue
Primarily irregularly arranged collagen fibers; some elastic fibers; major cell type is the FIBROBLAST. Function: Able to withstand tension exerted in many directions; provides structural strength. Location: Dermis of the skin; submucosa of digestive tract; fibrous capsules of organs and of joint
27
Dense Elastic Fibrous Connective Tissue
Abundance of elastic fibers The key to elastic connective tissue is that it stretches and then returns back to its original shape. Location: Artery walls, Trachea and Some ligaments of the spine.
28
3 Types of Cartilage
Hyalin Fibrocartilage Elastic Cartilage
29
Hyalin Cartilage
Also called the articular cartilage (Found at the joints, ends of bones) Embryonic precursor to bone It Forms Synchondroses (almost immovable joints between bones bound by a layer of cartilage, as in the vertebrae. The strongest types of cartilage: 40% collagen, 60% gel (proteoglycan)
30
Fibrocartilage
Forms fibrocartilage pads (meniscus), symphses (like the pubic sympysis, unlike synchondroses, symphses are permanent). Mostly made up of collagen. 70% Collagen, 10% elastic, 20% gel (proteoglycan).
31
Elastic Cartilage
Mostly elastin Found in epiglottis, outer ears, not in joints.
32
DO bone and Blood
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