Arthrology Flashcards
Congruency Functional Continuum
Mobility Stability
Mobility loose binding tissues
Poor Bony Congruency
Multiplanar movement
Stability - Tight binding tissues
Good boney congruency
No or uni-planar movement
DAS
Diarthroses
Amphiarthroses
Synarthroses
Diarthroses
Very mobile, Poor boney congruency, multiplanar movement most commonly synovial joints.
Ex. The glenohumeral joint
Amphiarthroses
Tight binding tissues, good bony congruency, very little movement.
Ex. pubic symphysis
Synarthroses
Tight binding tissue, good boney congruecy, no movement.
Ex. Skull sutures.
Categories of Joints Based on Binding Tissue
Synovial
Cartilaginous
Fibrous
Types of Fibrous Joints
Sutures
Syndesmoses
Gomphoses
All of the fibrous joints are made of Dense fibrous connective tissue.
Types of Cartilaginous Joints
Synchondroses
Symphsis
Suture Joints
Joints of the skull, like a jidsaw puzzles.
Allows no movement.
Made of dense fibrous connective tissue.
Syndesmoses
Made out of dense Fibrous connective tissue.
Found in interosseous membranes in the radius and ulna and the tibia and fibula.
Gomphoses
Made out of dense fibrous connective tissue.
Found only in the teeth.
Synchondroses
Made out of hyalin cartilage.
Found in epiphyseal growth plates and in the joint joining the sternum and the first rib.
Other ribs form synovial capsules.
Symphsis
Made out of Fibrocartilage.
Pubic Symphsis
Synovial Joints
Has a fibrous joint capsule (Binding Tissue).
It is made out of dense Irregular connective tissue.
There is cartilage within these fibrous joint capsules, depend on the joint but mostly all have hyalin
Synovial Membrane
A membrane within the Fibrous joint capsule that produces synovial fluid.
Synovial Fluid Functions
Reduces friction associated with movement. Lubricates the joint.
Nourishes articular cartilage.
Fibrocartilage pads Functions
These pads arent in every joint.
Increase bony fit/congruency
Reduces compressional stress.
Ligaments
Intrinsic: completely within the joint
Extrinsic: Completely Outside of the joint
Capsular: continuous with the joint capsule, thickening of the joint capsule.
Types of synovial Joints
Plane HInge Pivot Condyloid Saddle Call and Socket
Plane Joint
Surfaces are flat and allowing glide.
Allows only translation.
Carpals
Hinge
Cylindrical end conforms to trough-shaped end allowing motion flexion/extension.
Elbow, knee
Pivot
Rounded end conforms to a sleeve or ring of bone or ligaments allowing only rotation.
Radio ulnar joint proximal.
Condyloid/Ellipsoid
Oval surface of one bone fits to complementary depression of another bone allowing all angular motions.
Biaxail
Radio carpal joint
Saddle
Resemble condyloid joint but bone ends have both concave and convex surfaces that fit together to allow more movement.
Biaxial joint.
CMC of thumb.
Ball and Socket
Sperical/hemispherical head articulate with a cuplike socket allowing multi-axial movements.
GH joint
Osteokinematics
Movement between bone relative to sagittal, frontal, and tranverse planes (joint rotations)
Axis of Rotations
Arthokinematics
Movement at the articular surfaces between bones.
Roll, Glide and Spin
Frontal Plane Axis
Anterior/posterior
Sagittal Plane Axis
Medial/Lateral
Transverse Plane Axis
Superior/Inferior (longitudinal).
Roll
Multiple point along one rotation ariticular surface contacting multiple points on another articular surface.
Wheel
Slide
A single point on one articular surface contacting multiple points on another articular surface.
Ice skate
Spin
A single point on one articular surface rotates on a single point on another articular surface.
Spinning a quarter.
