Basic Aerodynamics Flashcards
What are the 4 fours of Lift?
Lift, weight, drag and thrust
Lift cancels out weight, thrust cancels out drag
All equalized In straight and level unaccelerated flight
Types of Drag
Induced Drag
Parasitic Drag
What is Induced Drag?
Induce drag is the secondary effect of the production of lift
What is parasitic drag and what other forms of drag are involved in this form of drag?
Parasitic Drag: drag that happens when any object is moving through a liquid
Other Forms of Parasitic Drag:
1) Form Drag: due to the shape of the airframe
2) Skin Friction Drag: developed from the texture of the aircraft
3) Interference Drag: when surfaces of different characteristics meet i.e. wing to fuselage, wing to flap, etc…
How does airspeed affect drag?
High Speed = Parasite Drag
Slower Speed = Less Air = Less Lift = More Drag = Induced Drag
What are the 4 Left Turning Tendencies?
Torque
Spiraling Slipstream
P-Factor
Gyroscopic Precession
Explain Torque
Is based off of Newton’s 3rd Law, that every action has and equal and opposite reaction; This comes into play in that our propeller moves clockwise, thus the opposite reaction would be for the plane to yaw to the left.
Explain Spiraling Slipstream.
Airflow spirals around the plane and strikes the vertical stabilizer yawing the plane to the left.
Explain P-Factor.
The descending blade on the propeller produces more lift (higher aoa), which yaws the plane to the left.
Explain Gyroscopic Precession
A force applied to a spinning blade will be enacted at 90 degrees later in the rotation causing the plane to yaw to the left (or right at take off 0.o)
3 Principles of Lift
Bernulies Principle: air over the wing travels faster than the air underneath the wing because the air below the wing is a higher pressure than the air above the wing (this falls into the principle that air will always want to flow from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure) , this phenomena generates lift.
Magnus Effect: A spinning object generates lift
Newton’s 3rd Law: Every action has an equal and opposite reaction
What are the 2 types of stability, and describe them and their characteristics.
Static and Dynamic:
Static = (describes the aircrafts initial response to a change in stimuli)
Positive: Plane returns to normal
Neutral: Plane does not return to normal
Negative: Plane changes and gets worse
Dynamic = (describes the aircrafts response to a change in stimuli over time)
Positive: input lessens overtime
Neutral: input remains the same overtime
Negative: input gets worse overtime
How do gyroscopes work?
Rigidity in space = the gyro gets more stable as it spins faster
Precession = when force is added gyro moves in the opposite direction, within the same rotational direction
