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MLA - Pharmacology Revision > Basic Abx Stuff I Should Know By Now > Flashcards

Basic Abx Stuff I Should Know By Now Flashcards

1
Q

Name the penicillins

A

Benzylpenicillin
Amoxicillin
Flucloxacillin
Phenoxymethylpenicillin

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2
Q

How do penicillins work?

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis of bacterial (β lactam ring)

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3
Q

Name the glycopeptides

A

Vancomycin
Teicoplanin

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4
Q

Which Abx are folate synthesis inhibitors?

A

Sulphonamides
Trimethoprim

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5
Q

Which Abx interfere with RNA synthesis?

A

Rifampicin

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6
Q

Name the macrolide drugs

A

Clarithromycin
Erythromycin
Azithromycin

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7
Q

Which drugs are cephalosporins? What is their MOA?

A

Cephalexin
Cefuroxime
Ceftrixaone
Ceftazidime

Are β lactams - prevent cell wall synthesis

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8
Q

Which drugs are carbapenems? What is their MOA?

A

Meropenem
Imipenem

Are β lactams - prevent cell wall synthesis

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9
Q

Which Abx are the drug of choice for MRSA?

A

Glycopeptides - Vancomycin & Teicoplanin

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10
Q

Which drugs are glycopeptides?

A

Vancomycin
Teicoplanin
Telavancin

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11
Q

What are the AEs of glycopeptides to be aware of?

A

Nephrotoxic
Ototoxic
Narrow therapeutic window - dose by blood levels

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12
Q

What is the MOA of glycopeptides?

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis of bacteria

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13
Q

Which drugs are good alternatives to broad spectrum penicillins if P is allergic?

A

Macrolides - Clarirthromycin, Erythromycin, Azithromycin

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14
Q

Which drugs are macrolides?

A

Clarirthromycin, Erythromycin, Azithromycin

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15
Q

What is the MOA of macrolides?

A

Inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria (50S)

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16
Q

What does s. pyogenes often cause?

A

Sore throat
Skin infections

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17
Q

What does coliform infections cause?

A

UTI

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18
Q

Which Abx are good for cell wall deficient bacteria such as chlamydia?

A

Macrolides

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19
Q

Which bacteria commonly cause acute pyelonephritis?

A

E Coli (60-80%)
Klebsiella (20%)
Proteus mirablis (15%)
Pseudomonas
Enterobacter

20
Q

What is the first line Abx for pyelonephritis?

A

Cefalexin
Co-amox (if culture shows susceptibility)
Ciprofloxacin (consider safety issues)

21
Q

What are the first choice IV Abx for a P with pyelonephritis?

A

Co-amox (if susceptible from cultures)
Cephalosporins (Cefuroxime / Ceftriaxone)
Gentamicin

22
Q

Which Abx is the choice to be used in breastfeeding women?

23
Q

What are the adverse effects of cefalexin?

A

Allergy
Abdo pain
Diarrhoea
Leucopenia

Nephrotoxic if given with gent, ibuprofen or celecoxib

24
Q

What is the first line Abx for cellulitis?

A

Flucloxacillin

Clarithromycin/Erythromicin/Doxycycline if allergic

25
Q

What are the adverse effects of flucloxacillin?

A

Allergy
Diarrhoea
Skin reactions
Can inc levels of protein bound drugs

26
Q

What is the MOA of chloramphenicol?

A

Inhibits protein synthesis - 50S

27
Q

What is the MOA of tetracyclines?

A

Inhibits protein synthesis - 30S

28
Q

Which drugs are quinolones?

A

Ciprofloxacin

29
Q

Which drugs are nitromidazoles?

A

Metronidazole

30
Q

Which ABx is good for C Diff?

A

Vancomycin (as its not absorbed orally)

31
Q

What are the AEs of chloramphenicol?

A

Pancytopenia (depresses bone marrow function)
Grey baby syndrome

32
Q

Which Abx can be used against protozoa and mycobacteria?

A

Doxycycline

33
Q

What is the MOA of doxycycline?

A

Inhibits protein synthesis - 30S.

34
Q

What spectrum is doxycycline?

A

Broad spectrum + protozoa + mycobacteria

35
Q

What are the adverse effects of doxycycline?

A

Gastric discomfort
Phototoxicity
Deposition in teeth
Bone growth inhibition
Compete for protein binding
Can increase anticoagulant effect of warfarin (as it competes for albumin binding)

36
Q

What type of drug is gentamicin?

A

Aminoglycoside

37
Q

What spectrum is gentamicin?

A

Broad spectrum (but inactive against anaerobes and not good against haemolytic strep and pneumococci)

38
Q

What is the mode of administration of gentamicin?

A

Has to be given IV as not absorbed from the gut

39
Q

What are the AEs of gentamicin?

A

Nephrotoxic
Ototoxic

40
Q

What type of Abx is ciprofloxacin?

41
Q

How do quinolones work?

A

Inhibit DNA synthesis (inhibit DNA gyrases)

42
Q

What spectrum are quinolones?

A

Broad spectrum: G-ve and +ve, Mycoplasma, Chlaymydia, Legionella, Anaerobes

43
Q

What are the AEs of Ciprofloxacin?

A

AE: N&V, headache, dizziness, tendon rupture & tendinitis, peripheral neuropathy & CNS effects (hallucinations, anxiety, insomnia, confusion, seizures), phototoxicity.
Prolong QT interval
Inhibits some CYP metabolism.
Need to be avoided with dairy products.

44
Q

What Abx can be given to ESBLs?

A

Carbapenems

46
Q

What is the first line Abx used for cystitis?

A

Nitrofurantoin

MLA - Pharmacology Revision (17 decks)

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