Basic Flashcards
How is called the study of:
a) grape growing
b) identification and classification of grapevines
c) wine making
d) form and structure of vine plant
e) science of the function of the vine
a)Viticilture
b)ampelography
c)Oenology
d)vine morphology
e)vinephysiology(shoot&root
systems, photosynthesis, control of plant growth and development)
When are sugars moved from the leaf system to the fruit? What is the
name of that term?
In August, veraison (véraison–marjade värvimuutus) begins and the grapes begin to truly ripen, as sugars are moved from the leaf system to the
fruit. During veraison, the grapes soften and change color—turning from green to red-black or yellow-green—and acidity decreases
What is main different between Vitis Vinifera and Vitis
Rotundifolia (Muscadine)?
Difference is in amount of chromosomes: Vinifera 38, Rotundifolia 40
What is the oldest vine training system?
Gobelet–are used today in Mediterranean countries and islands
What is the objective of vine training? What are
the processes included to training?
The objective of vine training, which includes the processes of pruning, shaping, and trellising the vine, is to maximize the vine’s performance in local conditions and to keep its canes from touching the ground and establishing new roots
What is “Hochculture”?
Vine trellising system in Germany, developed by famous Austrian vinegrower/winemaker Lenz Moser (Lenz Moser trellising system, High Culture), the system employed wider rows(3,5m) and higher trunks (1,3m)
reducing vine density in vineyard. It was long time dominant vine-training system in Austria
What are main differences of head-trained and cordon trained vine growing?
Most vines can be classified as either head-trained or cordon-trained. In cordon training, the vine has at least one permanent cane that extends from the trunk, called an arm or cordon. It grows thick and gnarled over time, and fruit-bearing shoots will emerge from it each season. Head-trained vines have no permanent cordon, and the trunk ends in a knob, or head. Cordon-trained vines generally require a trellising system, whereas head-trained vines may be supported by a simple stake, or not at all. Although head-trained vines may technically be trellised (see the Guyot training system, below),head-training is commonly asserted as an alternative to trellising, synonymous with bush vines
What is VSP and what is Tendone System?
Vertical Shoot Positioning (VSP), a trellising system, may be used for either cane-pruned or spur-pruned vines (tavapärane). The Tendone system, known as pergola in Italy and enforcado in Portugal, is an alternative
training system in which the vines are trained upward and overhead along wooden frames or trees, enabling workers to pass underneath.ertical Shoot Positioning (VSP), a trellising system, may be used for either cane-pruned or spur-pruned vines (tavapärane). The Tendone system, known as pergola in Italy and enforcado in Portugal, is an alternative
training system in which the vines are trained upward and overhead along wooden frames or trees, enabling workers to pass underneath.
What is Raggiera?
Wine training system in South Italy (Campania), the cordons are trained like wheel spokes
Diseases that affect the vine can be broadly categorized into four main groups - name them.
fungal, viral, bacterial, and
phytoplasma
What disease is known as one of the oldest described vine disease and what kind disease is it?
Esca, Black Measle (mustad leetrid)
described already in Roman time
chronicles. Fungal disease
What causes phytoplasma diseases and how is this disease spread?
Phytoplasma diseases are caused by phytoplasmas, pathogens similar to bacteria, yet they are symptomatically similar to viral diseases and, like
viruses, must be spread through an insect vector or
rootstock grafting. Phytoplasma diseases, known as “grapevine yellows”, were first
recorded in Europe in the mid-1990s, and may cause widespread difficulties in the 21st century.
Who is the vector (provider) of Pierce Disease?
Glassy-wings sharpshooter, GWSS, Homalodisca vitripennis,(klaasjas tiivuline tsikaad, rohutirts)
What Vitis spieces is tolerant or resistant to the
Downey Mildew disease,(Pero nospera) ?
Vitis Cordifolia,Vitis Rupestris, Vitis Rotundifolia (Muscadine)
What type of diseases is known as “grapevine yellows?
Phytoplasma (Bacterial) diseases
Identify if a statement is true or false
a) Seyval Blanc is a crossing
b) Coulure causes the vine leaves to turn yellow and reduces photosynthesis
c) Grey Rot and Noble Rot are caused by Botrytis Cinerea
d) Guyot is an example of spur training
e) Downy mildew is caused by fungus native to Europe
a) false, it is a hybrid
b) false, it is the result of metabolic reactions to weather conditions that causes a failure of grapes to develop after flowering Coulure is triggered by periods of cold, cloudy, rainy weather or very high out -of-season temperatures. The condition is most often manifested in the spring. It also occurs in vines that have little sugar content in their tissue. Flowers stay closed and are not fertilized
c) true
d) false, it is an example of cane pruning
e) false, it was brought from USA
Name 6 fungal diseases
Powdery Mildew (Oidium) Downy Mildew (Peronospora) Eutypa Dieback: Also called “dead arm" Esca (Black Measles) Black Rot Botrytis Bunch Rot
Name 3 Bacterial Diseases
Pierce’s Disease
Crown Gall (Black Knot)
Bacterial Blight
