basic 12-lead

Question 1

Electrical conduction

Answer 1

Question 2

Electrical Pathway

Answer 2

Question 3

EKG paper

Answer 3

Question 4

EKG waves

Answer 4

Question 5

Cardiac cycle

Answer 5

Question 6

P wave

Answer 6

Question 7

PR interval

Answer 7

Answer 8

Question 9

ST segment

Answer 9

Question 10

T wave

Answer 10

Question 11

When is atrial repolarization?

Answer 11

Question 12

Inherent pacemakers

Answer 12

Question 13

Sinus rhythm

Answer 13

Question 14

Sinus bradycardia

Answer 14

Question 15

Sinus tachycardia

Answer 15

Question 16

Junctional rhythm: shorter or absent PR interval and narrow QRS tells you that it didn’t start in the SA node started in the AV node

Answer 16

Question 17

Junctional tachycardia: sick sinus; no P no PR good QRS; junctional but faster than normal nodal rate >40-60

Answer 17

Question 18

Answer 18

Supraventricular tachycardia: paroxysmal/ above the ventricle

Question 19

Answer 19

Sinus rhythm

Question 20

Answer 20

Sinus bradycardia

Question 21

Answer 21

Sinus tachycardia

Question 22

Answer 22

Junctional rhythm: shorter or absent PR interval and narrow QRS tells you that it didn’t start in the SA node started in the AV node

Question 23

Premature atrial contraction: early; still has P normal PR and QRS so it came from atria SA or other

Answer 23

Question 24

Atrial fibrillation: Rate is ok; no normal P no PR interval; QRS ok

Answer 24

Question 25

Atrial flutter: more coordinated than afib

Answer 25

Question 26

Premature ventricular contraction: wide & abnormal QRS; we know ventricular contraction because the QRS is wide; its doing it every other beat (Bigeminy) every 3rd (Trigeminy); would prefer uni-focal PVC’s

Answer 26

Question 27

1st degree AVB: PR \>0.1-2

Answer 27

Question 28

2nd degree, Type I: Weinkebach; longer longer longer drop

Answer 28

Question 29

2nd degree, Type II: PR is constant but not conducting each time; not regular

Answer 29

Question 30

3rd degree AVB: atria are beating & ventricles are beating but not conducting/ not communicating; can use isoproteranol to drive ventricle

Answer 30

Question 31

Ventricular tachycardia

Answer 31

Question 32

Ventricular fibrillation

Answer 32

Question 33

•Halothane/enflurane-

Answer 33

sensitize myocardium

Question 34

•Norepi reuptake inhibitors-

Answer 34

cocaine, ketamine

Question 35

•Sevoflurane-

Answer 35

bradycardia in infants

Question 36

•Desflurane-

Answer 36

Prolonged QT during induction

Question 37

•Local anesthetics-sympathetic block

Answer 37

* Severe bradycardia * Intravascular- asystole; lipid rescue

Question 38

•Abnormal ABG or lytes

Answer 38

•Hyperkalemia with hypoventilation

Question 39

•Endotracheal intubation

Answer 39

* Most common cause * Hemodynamic disturbances

Question 40

•Autonomic reflexes during case

Answer 40

•Vagal stimuli-carotid, peritoneum, cervix

Question 41

Oculo-cardiac reflex

Answer 41

five and dime CNS V & X

Question 42

periop dysrhythmias

Answer 42

* CVP cannulation * Surgical manipulation of cardiac structures

Question 43

Postoperative dysrhythmias can also be caused by

Answer 43

* Hypoxemia * Cardiac ischemia * Catecholamine excess

Question 44

Bipolar Limb leads

Answer 44

Question 45

Augmented limb leads

Answer 45

Question 46

Six Limb Leads

Answer 46

Question 47

Precordial leads- horizontal plane

Answer 47

Question 48

The horizontal plane

Answer 48

Question 49

12 lead EKG’s

Answer 49

Question 50

Utility of 12 leads

Answer 50

* Identification of * Rhythm * Conduction delays * Infection * Damage Drug excess

Question 51

Normal 12 lead EKG

Answer 51

Question 52

Bundle branch blocks

Answer 52

Question 53

Out of sync… we see wider QRS but why?

Answer 53

Question 54

Right BBB: QRS \>.12 (will look like bunny ears) RR1

Answer 54

Question 55

Left BBB: no bunny do have a carrot in V1 but wide QRS

Answer 55

Question 56

Left Bundle Branch Fasicles

Answer 56

Question 57

Coronary Circulation to the Bundles

Answer 57

Question 58

What am I???

Answer 58

A-fib

Question 59

What am I???

Answer 59

sinus brady

Question 60

What am I???

Answer 60

RBBB

Question 61

What am I???

Answer 61

A-flutter

Question 62

What am I???

Answer 62

Sinus

Question 63

What am I???

Answer 63

2nd degree Mobitz Type II