BASAL GANGLIA CLINICAL Flashcards
Diseases of the _______are associated with abnormal involuntary movements that typically occur at rest and disappear in sleep.
BG
Discrete lesions in the _______ are more likely to cause behavioral and cognitive manifestations, whereas similar lesions in the ______are more likely to be associated with motor manifestations
Caudate
Putamen
______disorder of movement characterized by sudden, frequent, involuntary, purposeless, and quick jerks of the trunk, extremities, and head associated with facial grimaces.
Chorea
NT deficiency in chorea
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), acetylcholine, enkephalin, substance P, dynorphin, and cholecystokinin
Appendicular musculature is predominantly involved in the ________whereas truncal musculature is predominantly involved in the __________
Sydenham’s variety,
Huntington’s variety.
Choreic patients are often unable to sustain a tight hand grip _______
and cannot maintain a protruded tongue, which tends to dart in and out irregularly ________
(milkmaid’s grip)
trombone tongue
slow, writhing, continuous, wormlike movements of the distal parts of the extremities, chiefly the fingers, which show bizarre posturing.
Athetosis
Athetosis lesion
putamen
sudden, quick, continuous, unusually violent, and flinging in nature.
Ballism
twisting, slow, contorting, involuntary movement that is somewhat sustained and often repetitive.
dystonia
Dystonia may be
______ (involving a single body part such as the hand),
_______(involving two or more adjacent body parts such as the neck and arm), or generalized
focal
segmental
_______an involuntary contraction of hand or finger muscles while writing, is an example of focal dystonia
Writer’s cramp
________are brief, sudden, rapid, and intermittent movements (motor tics) or sounds (vocal tics).
Tics
Tics may be transient (days to weeks) or chronic (months to years), and they may be a prelude to ___________
Tourette syndrome.
______ is characterized by motor and vocal tics.
Tourette syndrome
