basal ganglia and cerebellum

Question 1

basal ganglia aids

Answer 1

the primary motor cortex in execution of voluntary movements

main function to influence motor output via pathways through thalamus

Question 2

cerebellum function

Answer 2

makes movements more precise, helps maintain posture and balance

Question 3

caudate/putamen receive

Answer 3

excitatory input from cerebral cortex

Question 4

globus pallidus receives

Answer 4

inhibitory input from CPu

Question 5

pathway through GPi called

Answer 5

direct pathway

Question 6

pathway through GPe

Answer 6

indirect pathway

Question 7

direct pathway loop…

net effect

Answer 7

loop from cortex to BF to thalamus back to cortex

excitation of motor cortex

Question 8

indirect pathway primary role

Answer 8

inhibit competing motor programs

activation inhibits thalamus from activating motor cortices

Question 9

indirect pathway loop

Answer 9

cortex to BG to subthalamic nucleus then to thalamus and ultimately to cortical motor areas

Question 10

parkinsons disease

Answer 10

damage to nigrostriatal pathway –> increased inhibitory tone –> muscle rigidity
cells of substantia nigra pars compacta degenerate

Question 11

cerbellum receives input from

Answer 11

vestibular nuclei, midbrain, spinal cord, cerebral cortex

Question 12

cerebellum regulates

Answer 12

movement and posture by monitoring the body and making adjustments to descending pathways

Question 13

cerebellum makes movement more

Answer 13

adaptive and accurate

for rapidly skilled movements

Question 14

ataxia

Answer 14

disorder of cerebellum 
delayed onset 
poor sequence execution
overshoot
intention tremors 
rebound phenomenon

Question 15

vestibular cerebellar lesions

Answer 15

impaired vestibulo-ocular reflex

Question 16

cerebellum midline lesions

Answer 16

ataxia gait
tendency toward falling
head unsteady

Question 17

lateral (cerebrocerebellar) lesions

Answer 17

asynergia 
dysmetria
adiadochokinesia
intention tremor
hypotonia
ataxia dysarthia
cerebellar nystagmus
decomposition of movement

Question 18

granular layer of cerebellar cortex

Answer 18

innermost

receive input from medulla and deep cerebellar nuclei

Question 19

purkinje layer of cerebellar cortex

Answer 19

middle layer

inhibitory output to deep cerebellar nuclei and vestibular nuclei of medulla

Question 20

molecular layer of cerebellar cortex

Answer 20

outer layer

parallel fibers synapse on dendrites of projections and interneurons