Basal Ganglia Flashcards
What are the dopaminergic pathways?
Nigrostriatal.
Mesolimbic.
Mesocortical.
Nigrostriatal pathway
Substantial nigra pars compacts to basal ganglia.
How we plan movements.
Mesolimbic pathway
Ventral tegmental area to parahippocampal gyrus and nucleus accumbens.
Addiction pathway.
Mesocortical pathway
Substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral tegmental area to prefrontal cortex.
This dictates motor function behavior.
Parkinson’s disease
Depletion of dopaminergic cells in substantial nigra causing breakdown of Nigrostriatal circuitry.
Symptoms of Parkinson’s?
Akinesia
Bradykinesia
Resting tremor
Cogwheel rigidity
Flexed posture
Mask like facial expression
Shuffling and impaired balance
Akinesia
Impaired ability to initiate voluntary movement
Bradykinesia
Decreased amplitude and velocity of voluntary movement
Resting tremor
Slow alternating contraction of distal limb agonists and antagonists more pronounced at rest. Dissipates in sleep.
Hypokinetic disorders?
Akinesia and Bradykinesia
Hyperkinetic disorders
Dyskinesias such as chorea, ballismus, athetosis, and dystonia
What do hypokinetic disorders do?
Breakdown direct pathway
What are hyperkinetic disorders?
Breakdown indirect pathway.
Name nuclei of basal ganglia?
Lentiform nucelus
Caudate nucelus
Subthalamic nucelus
Substantial nigra
Corpus striatum
Ventral striatum
Lentiform nucelus consists of what?
Putamen
Globus pallidus I
Globus pallidus II
