Barron’s Cardio

Question 1

symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer 1

same as DIASTOLIC HF
(can eject, cant fill)

thickening of heart muscle and septum at expense of LV. “Fat Septum”

fatigue, dyspnea, CP, S3, S4
arrhythmias SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH

Question 2

treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
(same as diastolic HF)

what to avoid

Answer 2

SAME AS FOR DIASTOLIC HF
BB
ACE/ARB
diuretics (low dose)
aldosterone agonists
CCB

AVOID: negative inotropes, dehydration, tachyarrhythmias

Question 3

symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 3

same as systolic HF

Enlarged atria and/or ventricles
MV regurg common

Question 4

treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy
(similar to SYSTOLIC HF)

What to avoid

Answer 4

similar to systolic HF
may progress through stages, classes
may require VAD, heart transplant

Question 5

Systolic HF is characterized by:

Answer 5

EF < or =40%
problem with ejection (filling ok)
might be normal size heart or dilated
PMI shift L (if dilated/large heart)
Pulm edema (r/t poor emptying
S3
decreased or normal BP
increased BNP (nl <100)
MV insufficiency

Question 6

diastolic HF is characterized by:

Answer 6

EF >50%

problem with filling (ejection ok)

Question 7

Systolic =

Answer 7

dilated =

Question 8

Diastolic =

Answer 8

Hypertrophic=

Question 9

which type of HF is characterized by MV insufficiency

Answer 9

Systolic aka dilated

Question 10

to INCREASE PRELOAD

Answer 10

VOLUME EXPANDERS (crystalloids, colloids)
PRESSORS

crystalloids (NS, LR, dextrose)
colloids (albumin)

Question 11

to DECREASE PRELOAD

Answer 11

DIURETICS
DILATORS
MORPHINE

Question 12

MORPHINE does what to preload

Answer 12

DECREASES

Question 13

to INCREASE AFTERLOAD

Answer 13

PRESSORS ( Dogs Love Elevated Preload)

Dopamine, Levo, Epi, Phenylephrine

Question 14

to DECREASE Afterload

Answer 14

DILATORS
ACE-I
CCB
IABP

Question 15

What does IABP do?

How does it do it?

Answer 15

DECREASES AFTERLOAD

inflates during Diastole, deflates during systole (creating dead space.

increases perfusion to coronary arteries during inflation/DIASTOLE.

Question 16

to INCREASE CONTRACTILITY

Answer 16

POSITIVE INOTROPES (Dobutamine, dopamine (5-10), milrinone, epi)

Do, Dogs, Make Eggs

Question 17

to DECREASE CONTRACTILITY

Answer 17

NEGATIVE INOTROPES (BB, CCB

METABOLIC PROBLEMS (shock, metabolic acidosis)

Question 18

pulmonary embolism causes which heart sound to be louder

Answer 18

S2

Question 19

Auscultation points

Answer 19

APE To Man
2nd ICS R sternal border
2nd.       L sternal border
3rd.        L sternal border
4th.        L sternal border
5th.        MCL

Question 20

Heart sound associated with heart failure

Also associated with what two conditions?

Answer 20

S2
Vantricular gallop
“Kentucky”

Pulm hypertension “cor pulmonale”

MV, TV, AV insufficiency

Question 21

S4 is associated with which 5 conditions

Answer 21

?