Bandura's Study

Question 1

.What was the aim of Bandura 1961?

Answer 1

To investigate the mechanisms of social learning theory to see whether things learned in one context can be repeated in different ones.

Question 2

What was the sample of Bandura 1961?

Answer 2

-72 participants (half male, half female).
-Aged 37 to 69 months
-All from same nursery
–3 adults involved- one male model, one female model and one female experimenter.

Question 3

What was the IV and DV for 1961?

Answer 3

IV- sex of child, sex of model, behaviour of model.
DV- behaviour of the child.

Question 4

What were the controls for 1961?

Answer 4

-Aggressiveness using matched pairs

Question 5

What were the three experimental conditions?

Answer 5

-Aggressive model
-Non-aggressive model
-Control/no model

Question 6

What was the procedure for Bandura 1961 and 1963?

Answer 6

Modelling- each child exposed to one condition. In aggressive the model beat the bobo doll, punched and kicked it. In non-aggressive the model did nothing.

Aggression arousal-Children taken to different room to play with toys and after 2 mins the toys were taken away. Children became annoyed and angry.

Test of delayed imitation- Children led to room with toys some aggressive ( bobo doll, mallet) and non-aggressive (paper, crayons). Child was observed through a one way mirror. Behaviour recorded every 5 seconds for 20 mins.

Question 7

What was the results of Bandura 1961?

Answer 7

-Aggressive models created more aggression imitation (25.8 vs 1.5)
-Males more aggressive than females (25.8 vs 12.4)
-Non-aggressive model inhibited aggression (1.5 vs 2)

Question 8

What was the conclusions from Bandura 1961?

Answer 8

-Not all behaviour is learnt through reinforcement, can be learnt through observation and later reproduced.

Question 9

What was the aim of Bandura 1963?

Answer 9

To test the idea that watching filmed aggression might be cathartic.

Question 10

What was the sample for Bandura 1963?

Answer 10

-96 children (half male, half female).
-Aged 3-5
-All from Stanford university nursery school- opportunity.
-Matched on aggression

Question 11

What was the 4 conditions in 1963?

Answer 11

-Live model
-Filmed model +cartoon cat (cathartic conditions)
-Control

Question 12

What was the results from Bandura 1963?

Answer 12

-Control groups half as aggressive as other groups.
-No significant difference between other conditions.
-Control showed 54 acts of aggression.
-Live model shoed 83 acts.

Question 13

What was the conclusion form Bandura 1963?

Answer 13

-Children will imitate filmed aggression in the same way as live aggression role models.
-Watching filmed violence is not cathartic as children became more aggressive.

Question 14

What was the aim from Bandura 1965?

Answer 14

-To see if vicarious reinforcement had an effect on children’s behaviour.

Question 15

What was the sample from Bandura 1965?

Answer 15

-66 nursery students (half male half female).
-All from Stanford university nursery.

Question 16

What was the 3 conditions in Bandura 1965?

Answer 16

-Model rewarded for aggressive behaviour.
-Model punished for aggressive behaviour.
-No consequences/ control.

Question 17

What was the procedure for Bandura 1965?

Answer 17

-Taken to wait in a surprise playroom and watched a 5 min show.
-Model arrived and did 4 behaviours - sat on bobo and punched it, hit bobo on head with mallet, kicked bobo around room, threw rubber balls at it.
-In first condition model rewarded by getting a drink and sweets and being called a ‘strong champion’.
-In second condition when punished adult came in calling model ‘big bully’ , sat on the model and hit him with a rolled up newspaper.
-Then kids taken into another room with other objects such as a bobo doll, dolls and balls. For 10 mins they were observed every 5 seconds for 10 mins by 2 observers.

Question 18

What was the results for Bandura 1965?

Answer 18

-Showed children are more likely to imitate behaviour if model is positively reinforced.
-Boys showed more imitated responses than girls.
-Younger children copied physical aggression more than verbal.

Question 19

What is the conclusions form Bandura 1965?

Answer 19

-Children are more likely to imitate the behaviour if the role model is rewarded and less likely if they are punished.
-Girls more restrained by threat of punishment than boys.

Question 20

Why is the study not generalisbale?

Answer 20

-Children all of similar ages so results are not applicable to other people.
-Ethnocentric.
-Shared characteristics (nursey attended).

Question 21

Why is the study generalisable?

Answer 21

All include male and female participants so sample is diverse.

Question 22

Why is the study relaiable?

Answer 22

Standardised procedures (e.g models actions) so can be repeated.
-High inter-rater reliability with more than 1 observer.

Question 23

How is the study valid?

Answer 23

-High ecological validity in nursery so can be applied to real life.
-Matched pairs used for aggression levels so less ppt variables.
-Covert observation so less demand characteristics.

Question 24

Why is the study not valid?

Answer 24

-Unusual task so low mundane realism.

Question 25

What is the ethical issues with the study?

Answer 25

-Protection from harm- shown aggressive behaviours and imitated, may distress some participants.
-Informed consent- children too young to understand.