Bandura Ross And Ross

Question 0

Hypothesis. (4 One tailed hypotheses) (1).

Answer 0

1. Children who observe an aggressive model will reproduce the aggressive acts of that model.

Question 1

Aim.

Answer 1

To investigate whether if children are passive witnesses to an aggressive display by an adult in one setting, would they imitate the aggressive acts of the adult in another setting, even when the adult was not present.

Question 2

Hypothesis. (4 One tailed hypotheses) (2)

Answer 2

2. Observing a non-aggressive model will inhibit aggressive behaviour.

Question 3

Hypothesis. (4 One tailed hypotheses) (3)

Answer 3

Children will imitate same sex role models more than opposite sex role models.

Question 4

Hypothesis. (4 One tailed hypotheses) (4)

Answer 4

Boys will be more likely to imitate aggressive behaviour than girls.

Question 5

Independent Variables. (1)

Answer 5

1. Whether the adult role model was aggressive or passive.

Question 6

Independent Variable (2)

Answer 6

2. The gender of the child.

Question 7

Independent Variable (3)

Answer 7

3. Gender of the adult role model.

Question 8

Dependent Variable.

Answer 8

The aggressive behaviour of children in the new setting (stage 3).

E.g, imitative aggression both verbal and physical, partial imitative aggression and non-imitative aggression.

Question 9

Extraneous variables. (1)

Answer 9

1. The groups were very small therefore individual differences of natural aggressiveness may have distorted the findings.

Question 10

Extraneous variable. (2)

Answer 10

2. The ratings of the experimenter and nursery school teachers of the children’s natural level of aggressiveness could be open to interpretation.

Question 11

Controls. (1)

Answer 11

Experimenter and teacher rated the aggressiveness on four (five point) rating scales. Each child was placed in groups of 3 that had similar scores of aggression. Each one of these 3 was then placed into one of the 2 experimental conditions or the control group.

Question 12

Controls. (2)

Answer 12

The inter-reliability of judgements was analysed and was found to be highly consisted across the experimenter and nursery teacher.

Question 13

Sample.

Answer 13

72 children (36 boys/36 girls) who attended Stanford University nursery school. Average age 52 months.

Question 14

Main Findings (1)

Answer 14

Children who observed the aggressive models made far more imitative aggressive responses than those in the non-aggressive or control groups.

Question 15

Main Findings (2)

Answer 15

Children who observed non-aggressive models showed fewer aggressive acts.

Question 16

Main Findings (3)

Answer 16

Boys were more likely to imitate same-sex models than girls. The evidence for girls imitating same-sex models is not strong.

Question 17

Main Findings (4)

Answer 17

Boys imitated more physically aggressive acts than girls. There was little difference in the verbal aggression between girls and boys.

Question 18

Conclusion.

Answer 18

When children observe adult role models being aggressive, it has the effect of legitimising such behaviour and therefore weakening the child’s inhibitions to aggressive behaviour.

Question 19

Strengths. High Reliability.

Answer 19

The high level of control in this lab experiment would suggest that had it been done again they would get similar results.

In 1963 it was replicated with aggressive/non-aggressive adult role models presented on video clips - the results were similar.

Question 20

Strengths. Both Qual + Quant data was gathered.

Answer 20

In stage 3 using an observation schedule quantitative data was collected. When stage 3 was completed, the experimenters collected qualitative data by asking the children questions related to how they felt about what they experienced.

Question 21

Strengths. Useful study.

Answer 21

Provides evidence that children do imitate aggressive behaviour displayed by models around them. Creates clear implications for parenting. The study also creates clear implications in the media and the importance of watersheds on television.

Question 22

Weaknesses. Unethical.

Answer 22

1. Withdrawal
2. Protection
3. Informed Consent

Question 23

Weaknesses. Unrepresentative Sample.

Answer 23

Affluent middle class children with a confidence around adults, this sample would be unrepresentative of typical children within the population as a whole.

There were only 6 children in each group which makes it hard to generalise with the results.