Bandura, Ross and Ross (1961)

Question 1

The first hypothesis they had was…

Answer 1

Child participants exposed to aggressive models would produce aggressive acts like they have seen from the models and would differ to those exposed to non aggressive models

Question 2

The second hypothesis was…

Answer 2

Observation of nonaggressive would produce behaviour differing to control group

Question 3

The third hypothesis was…

Answer 3

The sex of the model and subject have effect therefore subjects imitate behaviour of same sex model to greater degree than opposite sex

Question 4

The fourth hypothesis was…

Answer 4

Aggression more by males as highly masculine-typed behaviour

Question 5

How many participants used and where from?

Answer 5

36 boys and 36 girls aged 37-69months from Stanford University Nursery School

Question 6

Who acted as role models?

Answer 6

2 adults, a male and a female and one female experimenter

Question 7

How many were in the control group?

Answer 7

24 children

Question 8

How many were in each experimental group?

Answer 8

6

Question 9

What were the conditions?

Answer 9

> m ppt w m model AGG >f ppt w f model AGG
m ppt w f model AGG >f ppt w m model AGG
m ppt w m model N/A >f ppt w f model N/A
m ppt w f model N/A >f ppt w m model N/A

Question 10

Participants were matched on what in the nursery?

Answer 10

Aggressiveness

Question 11

In the N/A condition what happened?

Answer 11

The model played with tinker toys and ignored the bobo doll

Question 12

In the Agg condition the model plays with

Answer 12

tinker toys for 1 min and then lays the bobo doll down and punches it’s nose while the experimenter is out the room

Question 13

What does the model do to the bobo doll in the aggressive condition?

Answer 13

Punches it in the nose, sits on it, hits it with a mallet and kicks it whole saying “pow” “kick him”

Question 14

How was aggression aroused after viewing the model?

Answer 14

The experimenter put the ppt in a room with attractive toys but were told the very best were reserved for other children

Question 15

Controls?

Answer 15

All the toys were the same and put in the same place, all ppts had 20 minutes in the room, experimenter always avoided interaction

Question 16

How was ppts behaviour observed?

Answer 16

Through a one way mirror and rated against categories in 5 second intervals, also scored independelty by another observer

Question 17

inter rate reliability was….

Answer 17

0.90

Question 18

All but two participants in the agg condition performed

Answer 18

the model’s behaviour

Question 19

It was confirmed that exposure of participants to

Answer 19

aggressive models increases probability of aggressive behaviour

Question 20

Non aggressive and control score did not

Answer 20

differ from one another

Question 21

Females in n/a demonstrated significantly less mallet aggression than

Answer 21

control and agressive

Question 22

approx. 1/3 aggressive condition repeated

Answer 22

the model’s verbal responses - no remarks made by other conditions

Question 23

Boys demonstrated more

Answer 23

physical aggression than verbal aggression

Question 24

There was no siginficant difference between the verbal aggression displayed

Answer 24

by boys and girls

Question 25

ppts in non aggressive condition engaged in significantly more non aggressive play with

Answer 25

dolls than other groups

Question 26

Those in non aggressive condition were 2 times more likely than those in aggressive condition to

Answer 26

sit quietly without playing

Question 27

The results suggest that

Answer 27

participants who were given opportunity to observe aggressive models later reproduced physical and verbal aggression substantially identical to model

Question 28

The results mean that

Answer 28

observation of cues produced by the behaviour of others is one effecrive means of producing certain forms of responses

Question 29

Exposure to nonaggressive decreases probability of occurance of

Answer 29

aggressive behaviour and resticts the range of behaviour shown by partipants

Question 30

This study sugests that imitation may shorten the process of aquiring new

Answer 30

behaviours which does not need reinforcement as suggested by Skinner (1953)

Question 31

The study was carefully set up in a controlled lab envrionment, e.g care was taken to get the children into a similar emotional state before

Answer 31

the observation and to set up measurable acts that could be recorded meaning cause and effect conclusions can be drawn because variables were isolated

Question 32

There was reliability through inter observer reliablity as two observers were used and they agreed with what they saw and

Answer 32

one judge did not know which condition the child has been allocated to to avoid bias, subjectivity reduced

Question 33

The study lacked internal validity and the setting could be realistic as the rooms were set up like nursery rooms but

Answer 33

the situation was not valid because the adult either deliberatly punched and kicked the bobo doll or was deliberatly subdued - not natural

Question 34

Can be criticised for ethics as no explanation of consent and exposure to aggression is not particularly ethical as

Answer 34

undesirbale behaviour was being encouraged

Question 35

Generalisabilty questionned as maybe older or younger children wouldn't act the same, not representative of older children who may

Answer 35

have a greater understanding of social norms meaning that the same results may not have been obtained

Question 36

The study has application to real life as it provides support for SLT, leads to concerns about media violence and the possibilty of children

Answer 36

imitating aggressive role models on tv, hgihlights need for positive role models in the media and a limited exposure to aggresion within the media - 9PM watershed