Balance - Class 7

Question 1

balance

Answer 1

dynamic process by which the body’s position is maintained in equilibrium

Question 2

equilibrium

Answer 2

body is either at rest (static)

or

in steady state motion (dynamic)

Question 3

when is balance highest

Answer 3

when COM or COG is maintained over its base of support

Question 4

COM

Answer 4

direct center of total body mass

determined by weighted average of COM of all body segments

Question 5

COG

Answer 5

vertical projection of the center of mass to the ground

Question 6

where is COG typically located

Answer 6

slightly anterior to S2

Question 7

BOS

Answer 7

perimeter of the contact area b/w the body and its support surface

Question 8

limits of stability

Answer 8

sway boundaries someone can move their center of mass

before needing to move their center of mass

Question 9

center of pressure

Answer 9

location of the vertical projection of the ground reaction force

Question 10

what can balance control be influenced by

Answer 10

nervous system

MS system

contextual effects

Question 11

nervous system

Answer 11

sensory processing

sensorimotor integration

motor strategies

Question 12

sensory processing

Answer 12

for perception of body orientation in space

Question 13

sensorimotor integration

Answer 13

essential for linking sensations to motor repsonses

Question 14

motor strategies

Answer 14

for planning

programming

executing balance response

Question 15

MS system

Answer 15

postural alignment

flexibility

joint integrity

muscle performance

sensation

Question 16

contextual effects

Answer 16

open v. closed environment

support surface

amount of lighting

effect of gravity and inertia

nature of task

Question 17

what does the largest influence on balance come from

Answer 17

somatosensory

vestibular

visual sensations

Question 18

somatosensory includes

Answer 18

proprioceptors

joint receptors

skin mechanoreceptors

Question 19

when is reliance on somatosensory required

Answer 19

support surface is moving or no horizontal

Question 20

vestibular system involves

Answer 20

semicircular canals

otoliths

Question 21

what is the vestibular system responsible for

Answer 21

sensation of position and movement of the head with respect to gravity and inertia

Question 22

visual

Answer 22

position of the head relative to the environment

orientation of the head to maintain stable gaze

direction and speed of head movements

Question 23

the vestibular, somatosensory and visual systems are

Answer 23

seamlessly integrated to maintain control of balance

Question 24

where is info processed

Answer 24

cerebellum

BG

supplemental motor cortex

Question 25

which system is processed the fastest

Answer 25

somatosensory

visual and vestibular follow

Question 26

what happens when info from one system is inaccurate

Answer 26

CNS suppresses and select and coordinate info form other systems

Question 27

when is manipulation of these systems considered useful

Answer 27

when working on improving balance w/ sensory impairments to any of the three areas