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E&M EENT > Balance > Flashcards

Balance Flashcards

1
Q

What part of the vestibular apparatus is a dynamic labyrinth that monitors head movement?

A

Semicircular canals

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2
Q

What part of the vestibular apparatus is a static labyrinth that monitors head position?

A

utricle/saccule

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3
Q

Which monitors head position in the horizontal plane?

A

Utricle

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4
Q

What monitors head position in the vertical plane?

A

Saccule

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5
Q

What is a jellylike mass studded with tiny CaCO3 stones called otoconia?

A

Otolithic membrane

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6
Q

What is the swollen end of each semicircular duct that contains sensory neuroepithelium that detects head movement?

A

Pars ampullaris

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7
Q

What is gelatinous mass extending across canal at a right angle?

A

Cupula

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8
Q

What is located in the ampulla of each semicircular canal and is the receptor for dynamic equilibrium?

A

Crista ampullaris

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9
Q

What kind of movement does the crista ampullaris respond to?

A

Angular movements

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10
Q

What does directional bending of hair cells in the cristae TOWARD kinocilium cause?

A

depolarization and increased FOF

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11
Q

What does directional bending of hair cells in the cristae AWAY FROM kinocilium cause?

A

Hyperpolarization and decreased FOF

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12
Q

If the head turns right, the Utricopedal (toward utricle) deviation of cupula increases FOF in what canal?

A

Right horizontal canal

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13
Q

If the head turns right, the Utricofugal (away from utricle) deviation of cupula decreases FOF in what canal?

A

Left horizontal canal

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14
Q

What operates to maintain the gaze

of a selected target with head movement?

A

Vestibulo-Ocular reflex

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15
Q

What is known as a slow drift of eyes in one direction with a fast correction in opposite direction?

A

Nystagmus

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16
Q

What type of nystagmus is oculokinetic?

A

Physiologic nystagmus

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17
Q

What type of nystagmus has a lesion in vestibular system?

A

Peripheral nystagmus

18
Q

What type of nystagmus has a lesion in central vestibular connections or cerebellum and commonly vertical nystagmus?

A

Central nystagmus

19
Q

What type of nystagmus is the inability to fixate?

A

Retinal nystagmus

20
Q

What type of nystagmus is moving in same speed in both directions?

A

Pendular nystagmus

21
Q

What type of nystagmus has a fast phase and slow phase?

A

Jerk Nystagmus

22
Q

What degree of nystagmus is when looking only in the direction of the fast phase?

A

1st degree

23
Q

What degree of nystagmus is 1st degree plus nystagmus in neutral gaze?

A

2nd degree

24
Q

What degree of nystagmus is 1st and 2nd degree plus nystagmus looking in direction of slow phase

A

3rd degree

25
Q

Where is the lesion to an upbeat vertical nystagmus that is caused by MS, stroke, and/or Wernicke’s encephalopathy?

A

Upper brainstem

26
Q

Where is the lesion to a downbeat vertical nystagmus that is caused by Arnold-Chiari malformation, syringomyelia, and/or platybasia?

A

Cervicomedullary junction

27
Q

What is known as rapid oscillations of eyes?

A

Opsoclonus

28
Q

What is known as eyes drift up and down in vertical plane?

A

Ocular bobbing

29
Q

What is the test called where there is eyes open = no sway; eyes closed = inconsistent sway in all directions ?

A

Romberg’s test

30
Q

Where is the lesion with eyes open = no sway; eyes closed = always swaying to one side (toward the side of the lesion)?

A

Peripheral vestibular lesion

31
Q

where is the lesion with eyes open = sway; eyes closed = no change in sway?

A

Cerebellar lesion

32
Q

What is a fatiguing vertigo with that rocks are free of cupula and fall to canal and vertigo goes away after a bit?

A

Canalishtiasis

33
Q

What is a (non-fatiguing): rocks adhere to the cupula and Px is in a chronic vertiginous state?

A

Cupulolisthiasis

34
Q

What is a nonspecific term that describes a sensation of altered orientation in space?

A

Dizziness

35
Q

What kind of attack occurs with prior to a common faint, one experiences sensations of light-headedness, giddiness, nausea, and an abdominal sinking sensation?

A

Vasovagal attack

36
Q

What syndrome is unilateral and has degenerative changes in cochlea leads to hearing loss, degenerative changes in SCC leads to episodic vertigo, and increased pressure results in tinnitus!

A

Meniere’s syndrome

37
Q

What is an infection of neurons of the inner ear, usually viral, does NOT have hearing loss and typically wakes up in the morning with vertigo?

A

Vestibular Neuronitis

38
Q

What is an infection of neurons of the inner ear, usually viral, DOES have hearing loss and typically wakes up in the morning with vertigo?

A

Vestibular Labrynthitis

39
Q

What condition has a long history of hearing loss, Headache occipital, radiating to mastoid or frontal ear, facial weakness, lateral rectus palsy, and parenthesis over the face?

A

Acoustic neuroma

40
Q

What is one of the most common types of peripheral vertigo arising as a result of debris in the posterior duct; Pt’s complain of vertigo lasting seconds, with no HL, when in certain positions?

A

BPPV

E&M EENT (16 decks)

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