Balance Flashcards
What part of the vestibular apparatus is a dynamic labyrinth that monitors head movement?
Semicircular canals
What part of the vestibular apparatus is a static labyrinth that monitors head position?
utricle/saccule
Which monitors head position in the horizontal plane?
Utricle
What monitors head position in the vertical plane?
Saccule
What is a jellylike mass studded with tiny CaCO3 stones called otoconia?
Otolithic membrane
What is the swollen end of each semicircular duct that contains sensory neuroepithelium that detects head movement?
Pars ampullaris
What is gelatinous mass extending across canal at a right angle?
Cupula
What is located in the ampulla of each semicircular canal and is the receptor for dynamic equilibrium?
Crista ampullaris
What kind of movement does the crista ampullaris respond to?
Angular movements
What does directional bending of hair cells in the cristae TOWARD kinocilium cause?
depolarization and increased FOF
What does directional bending of hair cells in the cristae AWAY FROM kinocilium cause?
Hyperpolarization and decreased FOF
If the head turns right, the Utricopedal (toward utricle) deviation of cupula increases FOF in what canal?
Right horizontal canal
If the head turns right, the Utricofugal (away from utricle) deviation of cupula decreases FOF in what canal?
Left horizontal canal
What operates to maintain the gaze
of a selected target with head movement?
Vestibulo-Ocular reflex
What is known as a slow drift of eyes in one direction with a fast correction in opposite direction?
Nystagmus
What type of nystagmus is oculokinetic?
Physiologic nystagmus
What type of nystagmus has a lesion in vestibular system?
Peripheral nystagmus
What type of nystagmus has a lesion in central vestibular connections or cerebellum and commonly vertical nystagmus?
Central nystagmus
What type of nystagmus is the inability to fixate?
Retinal nystagmus
What type of nystagmus is moving in same speed in both directions?
Pendular nystagmus
What type of nystagmus has a fast phase and slow phase?
Jerk Nystagmus
What degree of nystagmus is when looking only in the direction of the fast phase?
1st degree
What degree of nystagmus is 1st degree plus nystagmus in neutral gaze?
2nd degree
What degree of nystagmus is 1st and 2nd degree plus nystagmus looking in direction of slow phase
3rd degree
Where is the lesion to an upbeat vertical nystagmus that is caused by MS, stroke, and/or Wernicke’s encephalopathy?
Upper brainstem
Where is the lesion to a downbeat vertical nystagmus that is caused by Arnold-Chiari malformation, syringomyelia, and/or platybasia?
Cervicomedullary junction
What is known as rapid oscillations of eyes?
Opsoclonus
What is known as eyes drift up and down in vertical plane?
Ocular bobbing
What is the test called where there is eyes open = no sway; eyes closed = inconsistent sway in all directions ?
Romberg’s test
Where is the lesion with eyes open = no sway; eyes closed = always swaying to one side (toward the side of the lesion)?
Peripheral vestibular lesion
where is the lesion with eyes open = sway; eyes closed = no change in sway?
Cerebellar lesion
What is a fatiguing vertigo with that rocks are free of cupula and fall to canal and vertigo goes away after a bit?
Canalishtiasis
What is a (non-fatiguing): rocks adhere to the cupula and Px is in a chronic vertiginous state?
Cupulolisthiasis
What is a nonspecific term that describes a sensation of altered orientation in space?
Dizziness
What kind of attack occurs with prior to a common faint, one experiences sensations of light-headedness, giddiness, nausea, and an abdominal sinking sensation?
Vasovagal attack
What syndrome is unilateral and has degenerative changes in cochlea leads to hearing loss, degenerative changes in SCC leads to episodic vertigo, and increased pressure results in tinnitus!
Meniere’s syndrome
What is an infection of neurons of the inner ear, usually viral, does NOT have hearing loss and typically wakes up in the morning with vertigo?
Vestibular Neuronitis
What is an infection of neurons of the inner ear, usually viral, DOES have hearing loss and typically wakes up in the morning with vertigo?
Vestibular Labrynthitis
What condition has a long history of hearing loss, Headache occipital, radiating to mastoid or frontal ear, facial weakness, lateral rectus palsy, and parenthesis over the face?
Acoustic neuroma
What is one of the most common types of peripheral vertigo arising as a result of debris in the posterior duct; Pt’s complain of vertigo lasting seconds, with no HL, when in certain positions?
BPPV
