Balance

Question 1

Postural Dyscontrol Evaluation(CTSIB)

Answer 1

Population: adult population, neurologic patients
- combination of 3 visual and 2 support- surface conditions to test for balance control
- 6 conditions, 30 second intervals(performance)
- 15-30 minutes
-

Question 2

6 conditions for CTSIB

Answer 2

1) eyes open on firm surface
2) eyes closed on firm surface
3) eyes open with visual conflict dome on firm surface
4) eyes open on compliant surface
5) eyes closed on compliant surface
6) eyes open with visual conflict dome on compliant surface

Question 3

Vision dependent CTSIB

Answer 3

become unstable in conditions 2,3,5,6 with either eyes closed or conflict between vestibular system and vision

Question 4

Surface/somatosensory dependent CTSIB

Answer 4

become unstable in conditions 4,5,6 because of soft surface

Question 5

patients with vestibular loss CTSIB

Answer 5

become unstable in 5,6 because can’t rely on vision or surface/somatosensory function

Question 6

sensory selection problems CTSIB

Answer 6

unstable in conditions 3-6

Question 7

Population tested with CTSIB

Answer 7

• vestibular disorders
• fall risk in older adults
• stroke
• pediatric traumatic brain injury
• athletes s/p concussion
• pediatrics

Question 8

sharpened romberg

Answer 8

tandem stance

Question 9

functional reach test

Answer 9

population: elderly population
- maximal distance one can reach forward beyond arm’s length, while maintaining a fixed base of support in the standing position

Question 10

Functional reach test interpretation

Answer 10

• less than 6 or 7 inches = frail individual with limited ability to perform ADL(risk for falls)

Question 11

Berg Balance test

Answer 11

population: elderly patients, balance
- designed to test elderly patients level of balance
- 14 balance items which have deemed safe for elderly patients to perform
- 5 point scale: 0 = inability to perform; 4 = independence
- higher the score = more independence
- <36 is 100% risk of falling

Question 12

Timed up and go test

Answer 12

population: elderly
- measures sense of balance
- effectively identifies those in need of assistance or special treament

Question 13

timed up and go interpretation

Answer 13

< 20 seconds = independent in basic skills of chair transfers and walking
>30 seconds = in need of assistance in balance and function activities
20 - 30 seconds = gray zone

Question 14

Tinetti Assessment tool

Answer 14

population: adult, elderly

- measures gait and balance(ability to perform specific tasks)

Question 15

Tinetti Assessment tool interpretation

Answer 15

max score gait = 12 points
max score balance = 16 points
max total = 28 points
< 19 = high risk for falls
19 - 24 = moderate risk for falls

Question 16

four step square test

Answer 16

population: geriatric, vestibular disorders, transtibial amputees, stroke
- tests dynamic balance that clinically assesses the persons ability to change directions while stepping

Question 17

four step square test interpretation

Answer 17

geriatric: >15 sec = at risk for multiple falls
vestibular: > 12 sec = at risk for falls
transtibial amputees: > 24 sec = at risk for falls
acute stroke: failed attempt or > 15 sec = increased risk for falls

Question 18

Modified Falls Efficacy Scale(MFES)

Answer 18

population: elderly with balance or mobility dysfunction
- 14 activity questionnaire
- 10 point visual analogue scale
- 0 = not confident can perform task
- 5 = fairly confident
- 10 = completely confident
- higher score = more confidence(less fear of falling)

Question 19

Activities-specific balance confidence(ABC) scale

Answer 19

• 16 item scale rated from 0%(no confidence) to 100%(complete confidence)
• confidence that they will lose their balance or become unsteady in the course of daily activities
• questionnaire