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Clinical skills > balance > Flashcards

balance Flashcards

1
Q

what is balance?

A
  • ability to maintain line/ centre of gravity within base of support
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2
Q

what is the global elderly population like and why?

A
  • high global population due to declined fertility rates and increased length of life
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3
Q

what does ageing include?

A
  • chain of adverse physiological events
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4
Q

what are the ultimate physiology events due to ageing?

A
  • functional deterioration
  • mobility disability
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5
Q

what is sarcopenia? what is it characterised by?

A
  • generalised skeletal muscle disorder
  • characterised by reduced muscle mass and strength
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6
Q

what is sarcopenia associated with? what effects does it have?

A
  • associated with range of negative health outcomes
  • increased risk for falls
  • display reduced cardiorespiratory fitness
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7
Q

what are the three significant contributors of sarcopenia?

A
  • chronic diseases
  • reduced cognition
  • psychological factors
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8
Q

what can be targeted relating to risk factors? how would you do this?

A
  • modifiable risk factors can be targeted through intervention
  • via physical activity and nutrition
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9
Q

what is frailty?

A
  • reduced physiologic reserve vulnerable to external stressors
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10
Q

what is the fall incidence in frail adults?

A
  • between 6.7 to 44%
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11
Q

what is frailty induced falls associated with?

A
  • increased risk of fractures, hospitalisation and institutionalisation
    ^ severity of frailty= ^ risk of future falls
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12
Q

what is the frailty assessment described as? what does it explore?

A
  • comprehensive geriatric assessment
  • explores multiple domains effectively
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13
Q

what are examples of frailty assessments?

A
  • Fried phenotype
  • clinical frailty scale
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14
Q

where are frailty assessments used? what would be ideal?

A
  • used in different sections e.g., clinical, community
  • ideal to consider follow- up assessment
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15
Q

what are the three dimensions of frailty?

A
  • time
  • disease
  • disuse
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16
Q

what does hyper- acute frailty syndromes display as? (5)

A
  • immobility
  • falls
  • delirium
  • fluctuating disability
  • incontinence
17
Q

what is postural control?

A
  • maintain static posture in various positions
  • achieve voluntary movement between postures
18
Q

describe where the gravity line is in postural control

A
  • line of gravity falls within the base of support
19
Q

what do you restore via postural control and how?

A
  • restore posture by reacting to external forces
20
Q

what is postural stability?

A
  • adjust posture in response to voluntary movement
21
Q

what is an equilibrium?

A
  • react to external stresses/ disturbances to maintain posture
22
Q

what are the three balance systems?

A
  • somatosensory/ proprioceptive system
  • vestibular system
  • visual system
23
Q

what is the somatosensory/ proprioceptive system? what awareness does it involve?

A
  • major contributor for postural control in static and dynamic conditions
  • awareness of body in space
24
Q

what does somatosensory/ proprioceptive system enable? what does it influence?

A
  • enables stability and orientation during static and dynamic activities
  • influences motor learning and re- education
25
Q

what does vestibular system orientate in? what does it co- ordinate?

A
  • orientates in 3- dimensional space
  • co- ordinates motor response, eye movement and posture
26
Q

what does the vestibular system modify? what does it detect?

A
  • modifies muscle tone and balance
  • detects motion of head and postural control during head movement
27
Q

what is the visual system? what does it involve?

A
  • integrated visual cues for CoM stability
  • includes visual fields, visual environment, support surface
28
Q

what does visual system allow a human to do? what does it include?

A
  • allows balancing in upright stance to be more stable with eyes open
  • size of base of support, rigidity or compliance
29
Q

what system does postural control require?

A
  • interactions between multiple systems
  • any system can dominate
  • combined feedback from each system is integrated

Clinical skills (13 decks)

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