Baddeley

Question 1

What was Baddeleys aim?

Answer 1

To test the influence of acoustic and semantic similarity on the long term memory

Question 2

Who were the participants?

Answer 2

• Men and women

- recruited from a psychology department

Question 3

What was the procedure used?

Answer 3

• ppts given 1 of 4 lists
• each list was presented via a projector
  After presentation ppts required to sit 4 memory tests
• then asked to recall word list in 1 min by writing down sequence in correct order- all words presented to them in wrong order
• then given a 15min interference task
  -Ppts then given a surprise recall task

Question 4

What design measure was used?

Answer 4

Independent measures

Ppts given 1 list of words out of 4 lists

Question 5

How many words were in each list?

Answer 5

10

Question 6

What rate were the words presented on the projector?

Answer 6

1 word every 3 seconds

Question 7

What was the interference task?

Answer 7

Copying 8 digit sequences at the ppts own pace

Question 8

What controls were used?

Answer 8

• ppts weren’t warned in advance
• to prevent position of cards as a cue, 4 levels were used each with a different arrangement and eere frequently interchanged
• a hearing test was done- 3 ppts discarded due to imperfect score on hearing test

Question 9

What were the results of the experiment?

Answer 9

• Recall of acoustically similar sounding words worse than dissimilar sounding words during initial phase of learning (trial 2 in particular)
• recall of similar and dissimilar sounding words not statistically significant by trial 4
• acoustic encoding was initially difficult
• semantically similar words more difficult to learn than semantically dissimilar words

Question 10

What conclusions were formed?

Answer 10

STM is encoded acoustic

LTM is encoded semantically

Question 11

EVALUATION- generalisability

Answer 11

• not andro/gynocentric
• ethnocentric
• recruited from psychology department- sample bias

Question 12

EVALUATION- Reliability

Answer 12

• standardised procedure
  Baddeley had conducted mamy ither trials before this experiment making the co trips and procedure more valid, minimising mistakes- cause and effect

Question 13

EVALUATION- applicability

Answer 13

• supports MSM

- practical implications- how to revise effectively or just generally remember

Question 14

EVALUATION-ethics

Answer 14

ppts weren’t warned in advance- deception
hearing test conducted- makes results more valid
lacks ecological validity